被低估的盟友:埃及对世界反法西斯战争的贡献  

An Undervalued Ally:Egypt’s Contributions to the Anti-Fascist War

作　　者：胡德坤[1,2] 曹占伟 HU Dekun;CAO Zhanwei(China Institute of Boundary and Ocean Studies,School of History,Wuhan University;School of History,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院,武汉430072 [2]武汉大学历史学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2020年第3期85-101,159,共18页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2016年度国家社科基金抗日战争研究专项工程项目“世界反法西斯战争史档案资料收集整理与研究”(16KZD020)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：北非-地中海战场曾是世界反法西斯战争的重要战场,埃及是该战场的关键国家。埃及在战略、政治、军事和经济四个方面为世界反法西斯联盟做出了重要贡献。在战略方面,埃及担负英国海外军事首都的角色,开罗是盟军在中东地区的战略协调中心、补给中心和航空枢纽;在政治方面,埃及率先断绝与轴心国的外交关系,秉持坚定的参战立场,营造稳定的国内政治环境,加入世界反法西斯联盟,支持联合国的筹建;在军事方面,埃及军队参与本土防御,协助英军对抗德国和意大利军队,保卫苏伊士运河,为50万盟军过境提供便利;在经济方面,埃及在物资、人力、交通运输、财政、科技、医疗等多个方面为盟国提供大力支援。埃及的贡献为盟国取得北非-地中海战场的胜利奠定了基础,也奠定了埃及战后民族独立、成为中东地区大国的基石。The North Africa-Mediterranean battlefield was one of the key battlefields in the World Anti-Fascist War,and Egypt played a crucial role in this war.Egypt made significant contributions to the World Anti-Fascist Union in strategic,political,military and economic aspects.In terms of strategy,Egypt played the role of British overseas military capital,Cairo was the strategic coordination center,supply center and the aviation hub for the Allies in the M iddle East.In terms of politics,Egypt broke diplomatic relations with the Axis powers firstly,took a firm position to engaging in the war,created a stable domestic political environment,joined the World AntiFascist Union and supported the establishment of the United Nations.In the military aspect,the Egyptian army participated in the homeland defense,assisted the British army against Rommel,defended the Suez Canal,and facilitated the transit of 500,000 Allied troops.In terms of economy,Egypt provided strong support in the fields of materials,manpower,transportation,finance,science and technology,medical care.Egypt’s contributions not only laid the foundations for victory of the anti-Fascist war in the North Africa-Mediterranean battlefield,but laid the cornerstone of Egypt’s post-war national independence and its power in the M iddle East as well.

关 键 词：埃及 反法西斯战争 战略贡献 政治贡献 军事贡献 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]