炸药在预制条形孔圆筒装置内爆炸威力的评价方法  

An Evaluation Method of Internal Blast Power in a Perforated Cylinder Device

作　　者：李尚青[1] 李芝绒[1] 张玉磊[1] 翟红波[1] LI Shang-qing;LI Zhi-rong;ZHANG Yu-lei;ZHAI Hong-bo(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2020年第3期341-344,350,I0006,共6页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家安全重大基础研究项目。

摘　　要：为了更科学地评价炸药的内爆炸威力,基于一端安装预制条形孔薄板的密闭圆筒装置,开展了5种炸药(TNT、2种压装含铝炸药及2种浇铸含铝炸药)的裸药柱内爆炸试验及威力评价.选取冲量、准静态压力峰值、薄板中心点挠度与条形孔裂缝长度为指标,分别表征空爆性能、内爆性能、结构变形能,通过分配不同权重,提出基于预制条形孔圆筒装置的炸药内爆炸威力综合评价方法,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,仅考虑冲击波超压、冲量和准静态压力,配方4(HMX/Al浇铸含铝炸药)或TNT内爆炸威力较优,难以充分反映作用于目标的变形能以及含铝炸药内爆威力较优的特点;根据建立的综合评价方法,配方5的薄板变形较大,准静态压力较高,内爆炸综合评价最高,TNT最差.该方法能较全面、客观地评价炸药的内爆炸威力,可用于战斗部在有限空间内爆炸威力评价和装药选型.To evaluate the internal blast power more scientifically,the internal blast experiments and power evaluation of five kinds of bare explosive grain(TNT,pressed and cast aluminized explosives)were carried out using a closed cylinder device with a prefabricated strip hole at one end.The impulse,quasi-static pressure,thin plate central point deflection and strip hole crack length were selected as indicators to characterize the air explosion performance,implosion performance and thin plate deformation energy.Then an evaluation method of internal blast power based on the perforated cylinder device was proposed and applied to the five explosives by assigning different weights to the indicators and the results were compared and analyzed.The results show that the blast power of formula 4 and TNT are more excellent when considering only peak overpressure,impulse and quasi-static pressure,which is difficult to reflect the structural deformation energy and characteristics of excellent internal blast power of aluminized explosive.According to the method of this study,the value of quasi-static pressure and thin plate deformation of formula 5 are greater,therefore the internal blast power ranks first.Conversely,TNT ranks the last one.The method can comprehensively and objectively evaluate the internal blast power,and can be used to evaluate the internal blast power of the warhead in limited space and select the charge type.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 内爆炸 威力评价 密闭装置 预制条形孔 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O38[理学—流体力学]