应用GIS对野生动物生境适宜性的评价——以大兴安岭盘古林场紫貂为例  

Suitability Assessment of Wild Animal Habitatwith GIS--Take Martes zibellinain Pangu Forest Farm of Daxing’an Mountains as An Example

作　　者：盛琪 董灵波[2] 刘兆刚[1] Sheng Qi;Dong Lingbo;Liu Zhaogang(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2020年第6期157-162,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504103);黑龙江省森林可持续经营试验示范区建设项目(201522-2)。

摘　　要：紫貂作为国家一级重点保护动物和中国濒危物种,为了更好的对其进行保护,以大兴安岭盘古林场为研究区域,基于2012年大兴安岭盘古林场森林资源二类调查数据,结合GIS空间分析技术对紫貂的生境适宜性进行评价分析。分别选取海拔、坡度、坡位、坡向及与水源距离5个地理环境因子;植被类型、郁闭度、林分年龄、平均胸径和平均树高5个生物环境因子;人类干扰因子中的与道路距离等共11个因子,采用层次分析法确定各因子的权重,构建适用于大兴安岭盘古林场的紫貂生境适宜性评价指标。利用生境适宜性指数(IHS)对大兴安岭盘古林场紫貂的生境适宜性进行评价,得到大兴安岭盘古林场紫貂生境适宜性综合评价等级分布图。结果表明:研究区域内紫貂的适宜生境特征为:海拔在800~1300 m,坡向为阳坡,坡度小于15°的中下坡,距水源距离在0~500 m,而距道路距离大于1500 m;郁闭度在0.4~0.8之间,平均胸径在20 cm以上,平均树高大于等于20 m且以落叶松为优势树种的成、过熟针叶林。根据生境适宜性指数(IHS)将研究区域的评价结果分为适宜[1.6~2.0]、较适宜[1.0~1.6)和不适宜[0~1),其占研究区域总面积分别为:2.46%,72.74%和24.8%。通过合理的经营可使较适宜区域调整为适宜区域,适宜区域的面积由28.31 km2增加到149.94 km^2。综合以上评价结果说明大兴安岭盘古林场适宜紫貂生存的潜在生境面积总量比较显著。Martes zibellina is the first-class animal under protection andnear threatened species in China.To strengthen the protection of M.zibellina,taking Pangu Forest Farmof Daxing’an Mountains Range as the study area,by using the Geographic Information System(GIS)technique and forest inventory data of in 2012,M.zibellina habitat were analyzed and habitat suitability was assessed.Through 11 factors,including five environmental factors(altitude,slope,slope position,aspect,distance from water sources),five biological factors(vegetation type,canopy density,stand age,average DBH and tree height)as well as human interference factors like distance from the road.The Analytic Hierarchy Process method was used to determine the weight of each evaluation factor and a criterion for M.zibellina habitat suitability was established.Habitat suitability index(IHS)was used to evaluate habitat suitability and a comprehensive distribution map of M.zibellina was obtained in Range Pangu Forest Farm.The mature andovermature coniferous forest area with larch as the dominant species,the altitude of 800-1300 m,the aspect of sun slope,the slope of less than 15°,the region at a distance of 0-500 m from the waterhead and the region beyond 1500 m from the road;the canopy density of between 0.4 and 0.8,the average DBH of more than 20 cm,the average tree height of more than 20 m are the suitable habitat for M.zibellina.The study area was classified assuitable[1.6-2),second suitable[1-1.6)and unsuitable[0-1),accounting for 2.46%,72.74% and 24.8% of the total area assessed,respectively.The second suitable area can be adjusted to suitable area through reasonable management,itwas increased from 28.31 km^2 to 149.94 km^2.Thus,the total potential suitable habitat area is relatively remarkable of M.zibellinan.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 森林生态 紫貂 生境适宜性 

分 类 号：S718.6[农业科学—林学] S718.5