论皇帝与龙的神秘关系  

On the Mysterious Relationship between Emperor and Dragon

作　　者：吉成名 Ji Chengming(Biquan College of Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学碧泉书院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湘南学院学报》2020年第3期33-37,共5页Journal of Xiangnan University

基　　金：湖南省教育厅项目(18A072)。

摘　　要：“真龙天子”一说的最早文献出处是清代说唱话本《永庆升平全传》。古人之所以将皇帝当作“真龙天子”,主要有两个原因:(一)皇帝是全国的最高统治者;(二)人们喜欢将有本领、有作为的人比作龙。秦朝末年,人们继承和发展了战国晚期把专制君主比作龙的习俗,将秦始皇称为“祖龙”。在中国封建社会里,皇帝与龙的神秘关系主要发生了三次变化:(一)汉初统治集团编造了刘邦、刘恒父子都是龙种的神话。(二)汉宣帝开始使用带有“龙”字的年号。(三)唐玄宗禁止非皇室人士在丝织品中使用龙纹。皇帝与龙的神秘关系是中国封建社会特有的现象,说明崇龙习俗是中国古代最重要的民间信仰之一,从而对封建政治产生了深刻影响。The earliest literature source of"The Rightful King"(真龙天子)was Yongqing Shengping Biography(《永庆升平全传》)in the Qing Dynasty.There were two main reasons why the ancients regarded the emperor as the"Rightful King":(1)The emperor was the supreme ruler of the country;(2)People liked to compare people with ability and achievement to dragon.At the end of the Qin Dynasty(秦朝),people inherited and developed the custom of comparing the absolute monarch to a dragon in the late Warring States period,and called Qin Shi Huang(秦始皇)an"Ancestor Dragon".In the Feudal Society of China,the mysterious relationship between emperor and dragon had changed for three times:(1)The ruling clique of the early Han Dynasty made up the myth that Liu Bang(刘邦)and Liu Heng(刘恒)were both dragon species.(2)Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty(汉宣帝)began to use year sign with the word"Dragon".(3)Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty(唐玄宗)banned the use of dragon motifs in silk fabrics by non royalty.The mysterious relationship between emperor and dragon was a special phenomenon in Chinese feudal society,which shows that the custom of worshiping dragon was one of the most important folk beliefs in ancient China,thus exerting a profound influence on the feudal politics.

关 键 词：皇帝 真龙天子 神秘关系 封建政治 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]