四川主栽蓝莓品种果实生长发育过程中的品质变化规律  

Quality change patterns during fruit development in blueberries mainly planted in Sichuan

作　　者：陈招芳 李恒刚 许轲 黄金秋 汪志辉[1,2] 吴林[4] 王迅[2] CHEN Zhaofang;LI Henggang;XU Ke;HUANG Jinqiu;WANG Zhihui;WU Lin;WANG Xun(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Pomology(Olericulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Horticultural Crop Agrotechnical Promotion Workstation,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学果蔬研究所,四川成都611130 [3]四川省园艺作物技术推广总站,四川成都610041 [4]吉林农业大学园艺学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2020年第12期244-250,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：四川省成都市重点研发支撑计划(2019-YF05-01367-SN);四川省重点研发项目(18ZDYF3241)。

摘　　要：以四川地区主栽蓝莓典型品种‘奥尼尔’、‘布里吉塔’和‘灿烂’为试材,对果实生长发育过程中外观品质、风味品质、质地品质及营养品质等指标进行品质变化规律分析,为四川地区新品种的引进提供品比标准。结果表明,随着果实的生长发育,单果重及纵横径呈上升趋势,果形指数呈不显著的下降趋势,颜色指标L^*、a^*、b^*值变化趋势一致,‘布里吉塔’的蓝色更为显著。果实可滴定酸含量呈下降趋势,可溶性固形物与可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,糖酸比在波动中增加,‘灿烂’增加速度最快。水溶性果胶在果实成熟后期快速增加,与果实硬度呈显著负相关;而碳酸钠可溶性果胶含量呈下降趋势,与果实硬度呈显著正相关。各蓝莓品种果实中花色苷自粉果期开始积累,均在成熟期达到最大值,且三者含量相近。蓝莓果实VC的积累主要在幼果期。可溶性蛋白质含量在果实成熟期均达最大值,且差异显著。3个蓝莓品种的类黄酮和总酚、单宁含量均呈由低到高的变化趋势,但不同品种其含量差异显著。‘灿烂’果实较小,但果胶、花色苷、VC及类黄酮含量丰富;‘布里吉塔’果实中等大小,可溶性蛋白质及总酚含量明显高于其他品种;‘奥尼尔’果实大,酸甜比例适中,单宁含量较高。Blueberry cultivars,O’Neal,Brigitta and Britewell,which are representative cultivars mainly planted in Sichuan,were used as materials in Sichuan.Fruit appearance quality,flavor quality,texture quality and nutritional quality during the fruit development were analyzed,aiming to provide a standard system for quality comparison with newly introduced cultivars in Sichuan.The results indicated that during the fruit development,the single fruit weight and vertical,horizontal diameters of fruit showed an upward trend,and the fruit shape index declined slightly.The color indicators,L*,a*,and b*,showed the same change trend and Brigitta showed deeper blue peel than the other two cultivars.The titratable acid content decreased,while the soluble solids content,soluble sugar content and sugar-acid ratio gradually increased.The water soluble pectin content increased,which was negatively correlated with the firmness of the fruit.On the contrary,the content of Na 2CO 3 soluble pectin declined progressively,being positively correlated with fruit firmness.The anthocyanins content accumulated from the pink fruit stage and reached the highest value in mature fruit stage.The accumulation of V C in blueberry fruits was mainly in the young fruit stage.The content of soluble protein was the highest in mature fruit,which showed significant differences in different cultivars.The changes of total phenols,flavonoids and tannins in all blueberry cultivars were increased during fruit development,but the contents were significant differences in different cultivars.Britewell berries were small but with rich contents of pectin,anthocyanins,V C and flavonoids.Brigitta was middle-size berry and the contents of soluble proteins and total phenols were significantly higher than the other cultivars.O’Neal was a large berry with high tannin content and balanced sweet-sourness.

关 键 词：蓝莓 果实品质 生长发育 变化规律 四川地区 

分 类 号：S663.9[农业科学—果树学]