不同灌溉水温对骏枣光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effects of different irrigation water temperatures on photosynthesis and fruit quality of jujube

作　　者：赵航 梁智[3] 吴翠云[1,4] 周正立 ZHAO Hang;LIANG Zhi;WU Cuiyun;ZHOU Zhengli(College of Plant Science and Technology,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China;Research Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830091,China;The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang,Alar,Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]新疆农科院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [4]南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期318-324,共7页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560580);新疆农业科学院委托项目(TDZX201608)。

摘　　要：为促进新疆南疆红枣产业提质增效,探究南疆地区较低的灌溉水温对枣树生长发育的抑制问题,本研究通过设定10、20、30、40℃温度梯度的灌溉水温对骏枣进行灌溉处理,采用田间调查及实验室统计方法,测定灌溉后土层温度、枣树叶片的光合特性及骏枣果实的品质变化,比较分析各处理间的差异。结果表明:(1)不同灌溉水温对各土层温度有显著影响,全生育阶段0~25 cm土层内30℃处理的地温各土层分别较10℃处理提高0.58、0.54、0.49、0.76、0.77℃;(2) 30℃处理有助于提高骏枣叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔限制值,但不同水温处理对叶片的气孔导度、水分利用效率等参数无显著影响;(3)经不同水温处理,枣树的果实数量、产量、维生素C及有机酸含量均随着灌溉水温的升高呈现先升后降的变化趋势,且不同温度处理对其影响由大到小依次为30、40、20、10℃处理。由此得出:不同灌溉水温对骏枣光合特性及果实品质影响显著,且30℃灌溉水温对枣树土壤增温、净光合速率提高及果实内在品质的提升均较好。In order to promote the quality and efficiency of the jujube industry in southern Xinjiang,and to explore the inhibition of the growth and development of jujube trees with low irrigation water temperature in southern Xinjiang.In this study,jujube was irrigated by setting irrigation water temperature with temperature gradients of 10,20,30,and 40℃.The field surveys and laboratory statistics were used to determine soil after irrigation.The photosynthetic characteristics of jujube leaves and the quality of jujube fruits,and compare the differences between treatments.Results:(1)Different water temperature irrigation has significant effects on the temperature of each soil layer.At the whole growth stage,the treatment at 30℃in the 0-25 cm soil layer is 0.58,0.54,0.49,0.76,0.77℃,respectively,compared with the treatment temperature at 10℃;(2)30℃treatment was helpful to improve the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal limitation of jujube leaves,but different water temperature treatment had no significant effect on the stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of the leaves;(3)After different water temperature treatment,the fruit quantity,yield,vitamin C content and organic acid content of jujube trees increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation water temperature,and the effect of different temperature treatments on it is 30,40,20,10℃in order from large tosmall..It can be concluded different irrigation water temperature had significant effects on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Junzao jujube,and the temperature of 30℃irrigation water increased the soil warming,net light rate and the intrinsic quality of jujube.

关 键 词：灌溉水温 增温水 光合作用 果实品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]