制备细胞外基质材料组织脱细胞方法的研究与热点  

Research hotspots in tissue decellularization method for manufacturing extracellular matrices

作　　者：何晶[1,2] 敖强[2,3] He Jing;Ao Qiang(School and Hospital of Stomatology,China Medical University,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Shenyang 110002,Liaoning Province,China;Department of Tissue Engineering,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,Liaoning Province,China;Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterial,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学口腔医学院·附属口腔医院,辽宁省口腔疾病重点实验室,辽宁省沈阳市110002 [2]中国医科大学组织工程教研室,辽宁省沈阳市110122 [3]国家药监局医疗器械监管科学研究基地,四川大学医疗器械监管科学研究院,四川省成都市610064

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2020年第34期5413-5420,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2017YFA0105802),项目负责人:敖强;国家自然科学基金(81771351),项目负责人:敖强。

摘　　要：背景:细胞外基质构成的生物支架材料目前已被广泛应用于临床治疗和体内外基础研究中,该种材料脱细胞技术的质量至关重要,不彻底的脱细胞效果会导致生物支架材料植入体内后,诱发一系列免疫排斥反应,最终导致治疗的失败。目的:介绍制备细胞外基质材料组织脱细胞方法的研究进展。方法:以"extracellular matrix,tissue decellularization,decellularized method,tissue engineering"为检索词,应用计算机检索PubMed数据库检索2005年1月至2019年12月的相关文章;以"acellular tissue,enzymatic modification"为检索词,应用计算机检索Google Patent数据库2014年1月至2019年12月的相关专利。纳入与组织细胞外基质材料脱细胞方法密切相关的文献,排除重复性研究。结果与结论:脱细胞基质材料的制备方法纷繁复杂,主要包括物理法、化学法和生物法3大类。根据不同的组织类型而选择恰当的脱细胞方法可以在完全去除细胞的同时,最大限度地保留细胞外基质的结构和成分。如果脱细胞的效果不充分,则会造成严重的免疫炎症反应。脱细胞组织的酶修饰方法可以不同程度改善组织的柔韧性、弹性、耐摩擦性等,并可以进一步去除组织的免疫原性。另外,正确选择恰当的灭菌方法有助于更好地保留细胞外基质材料的超微结构与机械性能。同时,异种来源的脱细胞生物支架作为植入性医疗器械,应严格遵循食品药品监督管理办法的规定,规定中要求对于细胞外基质产品的最终灭菌方法的选择要根据不同细菌接种量的指导方针。BACKGROUND:Biological scaffold materials made of extracellular matrix are currently widely used in clinical treatment and basic studies in vivo and in vitro.The quality of decellularization technique is of great importance since unsuccessful decellularized effects will lead to a series of immunological rejection after implantation,which would finally result in treatment failure.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the research advancement of tissue decellularized method of extracellular matrix materials.METHODS:The articles published from January 2005 to December 2019 were retrieved from Pub Med database.The key words were"extracellular matrix,tissue decellularization,decellularized method,tissue engineering".The articles published from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrieved from Google Patent database;the key words were"acellular tissue,enzymatic modification".References closely related to the decellularized method of extracellular matrix materials were included and repetitive studies were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Preparation methods of acellular matrix materials vary widely,which mainly include physical,chemical and biological methods.Selecting appropriate decellularized method according to different tissue types is vital for thoroughly removing cell components and retaining the structure and constituent of extracellular matrix to the fullest extent.Severe immunoinflammatory responses can occur under the condition of insufficient decellularized effects.Enzymatic modification of acellular tissue can improve tissue flexibility,elasticity and resistance to friction,and further remove tissue immunogenicity.Additionally,proper selection of sterilization method can help to better preserve the ultrastructural and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix materials.Simultaneously,acellular biological scaffolds of xenogenic sources should strictly comply with the provisions of the food and drug supervision and administration measures,which require that the final method of sterilization for extracellular matrix produc

关 键 词：材料 细胞外基质 脱细胞 酶修饰 灭菌方法 医疗器械 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R319[医药卫生—临床医学]