酶制剂在饲料养殖中发挥替代抗生素作用的领域及其机理  

The different fields and their mechanism of enzymes for replacing antibiotic in feeds and feeding

作　　者：冯定远[1] Feng Dingyuan

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广东广州510640

出　　处：《饲料工业》2020年第12期1-10,共10页Feed Industry

摘　　要：在众多替代饲料养殖的抗生素技术与产品中,酶制剂是其中被认可的一种。酶制剂具有种类多、功能广的特点,能够通过间接和直接两种方式,满足抗生素能改善营养代谢而提高动物生产性能以及抗菌杀菌而保持健康状况的两大需求。不同种类的酶制剂从五个领域的作用机理具有替代抗生素的潜力:①具有营养消化功能,改善动物生产性能的酶制剂;②降低日粮黏性,减少有害微生物繁殖的酶制剂;③降低日粮免疫原性应激,减少肠道坏死的酶制剂;④直接杀灭或抑制微生物,消除病原菌危害的酶制剂;⑤通过产生功能性寡糖和寡肽作为益生元,控制有害微生物的酶制剂。它们的作用机理是通过影响肠道的物理性状、营养状况、生化条件、微生态平衡和组织结构的完整性等几方面实现。酶制剂的替抗功能具有条件性、辅助性和累积性的特点,通过组合酶和配合酶及益生型酶制剂的筛选和高效配制才能发挥其替抗价值。Feed enzymes is one kinds of the most effective antibiotic replacing products in animal diet and raising.The antibiotic in animal ration is of two kinds effecting:directly killing bacteria and indi⁃rectly promoting animal performance in feeding.The functions of enzymes for replacing antibiotics are based on enzymes varieties and their multi-functions.There are five fields of enzymes for application in antibiotics replacing in animal diet and raising:①some enzymes as protease can improve the nutri⁃ents digestibility and promote animal body weight gain and feed efficiency just as antibiotics;②some enzymes as xylanase can reduce the viscosity of the diet and control microorganism particularly patho⁃genic bacteria;③certain enzymes asβ-man⁃nanase may eliminate dietary immunity potential and reduce relative gut necrotic enteritis;④glu⁃cose oxidase and some other special enzyme can eliminate pathogenic bacteria;⑤non-starch polysaccharide enzymes or protease can produce functional oligosaccharide or peptide and the product is of the potential for maintaining the micro-ecology in the antibiotics-free situation.The mechanism of enzymes for replacing antibiotic in feeds and feeding is base on the effect of different kinds en⁃zymes on the intestinal physical status,nutritional availability,biochemistry condition and ecological balance.Their characteristic of enzymes function for replacing antibiotics are conditional,assistant and accumulate.Except application of single and complex enzymes in animal ration,combinative enzymes,formulating enzymes and prebiotic enzyme preparation must consider for high efficiency.

关 键 词：饲养 酶制剂 替抗技术 作用机理 营养代谢 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]