宽垄大行栽培对温室番茄生理生态及产量的影响  

Effect of wide-ridging spacing cultivation on physiology,ecology and yield of greenhouse tomato

作　　者：刘燕[1,2] 云兴福[1] 王永[2] 高婧[2] 杨志刚 刘湘萍[2] LIU Yan;YUN Xingfu;WANG Yong;GAO Jing;YANG Zhigang;LIU Xiangping(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Vegetable Institutes,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植保学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院蔬菜研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期70-78,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系呼和浩特综合试验站项目(GARS-23-G20);内蒙古自治区应用技术研究与开发项目(2016-农-11);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2014QNJJN02);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201702081)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同栽培垄距对温室番茄生理生态、产量和品质的影响,为筛选温室番茄产量、品质最佳的垄距提供参考。【方法】以"普罗旺斯"番茄为材料,设置4个垄距处理,分别为1.1 (对照CK),1.3,1.5和2.0 m,对应垄宽+沟宽分别为80 cm+30 cm,80 cm+50 cm,80 cm+70 cm,80 cm+120 cm。测定并比较不同栽培垄距处理番茄生长发育、光合生理、产量、品质及温室主要生态因子指标,筛选温室番茄的最佳栽培垄距。【结果】随栽培垄距的增大,番茄地上部生长指标、根系生长指标、光合效率、产量和品质均呈先升高后降低趋势,番茄冠层气温、温室地温和CO2浓度呈上升趋势,而相对湿度呈下降趋势。垄距1.5 m(即垄宽+沟宽为80 cm+70 cm)处理番茄生长势和产量、品质均最佳,产量为90 119.92 kg/hm2,较对照(CK)提高16.87%;糖酸比为7.25,可溶性固形物含量为46.47 g/kg,维生素C、番茄红素含量分别为365.97和3.39 mg/kg,较对照(CK)分别提高54.91%,25.18%,28.12%和7.10%。【结论】适当加宽栽培垄距可提高番茄产量,改善果实品质,1.5 m(垄宽+沟宽80 cm+70 cm)为温室番茄最适宜的栽培垄距。【Objective】The effects of different wide-ridging spacing on physiological ecology,yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were studied to provide basis for screening suitable ridging spacing and improving yield and quality of tomatoes.【Method】Tomato variety“Provence”was planted under 4 width of ridging spacing levels of 1.1 m(CK),1.3 m,1.5 m and 2.0 m with ridging width+furrow width of 80 cm+30 cm,80 cm+50 cm,80 cm+70 cm and 80 cm+120 cm,respectively.The aboveground traits,root growth and development,photosynthetic physiology,yield and quality of tomatoes and major environmental factors were measured and compared.【Result】With the increase of cultivated ridge space,the aboveground growth indexes,root growth indexes,photosynthetic efficiency,yield and quality of tomatoes increased first and then decreased,while temperature,ground temperature and CO 2 concentration showed an increasing trend and relative humidity showed a decreasing trend.The growth potential,yield and quality of tomatoes were the best with row spacing of 1.5 m.The yield of tomatoes was increased by 16.87%to 90119.92 kg/hm 2.The ratio of sugar to acid,vitamin C,soluble solids and lycopene were 7.25,365.97 mg/kg,46.47 g/kg and 3.39 mg/kg and they were increased by 54.91%,25.18%,28.12%and 7.10%in comparison with CK.【Conclusion】Appropriate increase of cultivated ridging spacing improved the yield and quality of tomatoes.The row spacing of 1.5 m(ridging width+furrow width 80 cm+70 cm)was recommended.

关 键 词：温室番茄 栽培垄距 宽垄大行栽培 生理生态 产量与品质 

分 类 号：S641.204[农业科学—蔬菜学]