白云鄂博稀土伴生矿区土壤重金属污染及其环境评价  

Heavy metal pollution and environmental assessment in the soil of the rare earth associated mining area in Bayan Obo

作　　者：谢金亮[1] 张建锋 刘永兵[3] 姜久宁 XIE Jinliang;ZHANG Jianfeng;LIU Yongbing;JIANG Jiuning(China ENFI Engineering Technology Co.Ltd.,100038,Beijing,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;National Research Center for Geoanalys,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,100037,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2020年第2期92-101,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“矿区酸化废石堆场复合污染扩散阻隔技术”(2019YFC1805000);国家重点研发计划项目“金矿堆浸场地微生物淋洗-植物固定耦合治理技术研发”(2018YFC1801805)。

摘　　要：以白云鄂博稀土伴生矿区土壤为研究对象,通过采集主矿、东矿、排土场、尾矿库、矿区工业场地和运输道路6个不同类型内11个0~20 cm表层土壤,分析了土壤中Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni和As共6种重金属质量分数,以GB15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》和土壤背景值为评价标准,运用单因子法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和污染负荷指数法对该矿区土壤进行土壤环境质量评价。结果表明:矿区长期人为活动使得研究区土壤存在一定的重金属污染,Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni和As为主要的污染元素,其平均质量分数分别为942. 42、237. 10、1 585. 43、321. 84和27. 62 mg/kg。主矿和尾矿库Pb和Zn污染最重,排土场主要为Zn和Cu污染,此外,尾矿库和排土场Ni污染也较重。3种评价方法结果基本相似,以该地区土壤背景值为参照标准的污染负荷指数法显示,研究区土壤均不同程度受到污染,污染负荷指数PLI平均值为2. 58,属于重度污染。[Background] In view of the problems of over standard heavy metal content,serious environmental pollution and ecological damage in metal mining areas,the environmental assessment research on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. Bayan Obo mining area was dry and rainless,and the ecological environment was very fragile,coupled with the serious problem of desertification,thus environmental protection is needed. [Methods] Taking the soil of Baiyun Obo rare earth associated mining area as the research object,the soil contents of heavy metals,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni and As,were analyzed by collecting 11 samples of 0-20 cm topsoil in different types of mining areas,i. e. main mine,east mine,dump,tailings pond,industrial site and transportation road. GB 15618-2018 The Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land( Trial Implementation) and soil background values were used as evaluation criteria. The single factor method,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and pollution load index method were used to evaluate the contents of these six kinds of heavy metals. Soil environmental quality was evaluated in mining area.Using IDW interpolation analysis of ArcGIS 10. 2 software,the spatial distribution characteristics of comprehensive pollution index value and pollution load index value were drawn,and heavy metal pollution evaluation was carried out. [Results]1) The average values of Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni and As in the soil of the mining area exceeded 5. 54,2. 37,5. 28,1. 69 and 1. 10 times of the standard respectively,and the average values of Cr did not exceed the standard. The long-term human activitiy in the mining area was the major reason causing heavy metal pollution in the studied area soil. Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni and As were the main pollution elements,and their average contents were 942. 42,237. 10,1 585. 43,321. 84 and 27. 62 mg/kg,respectively. 2) From the perspective of sampling type,the contents of Pb and Zn in the studied soil were relatively high,and the pollution was the most se

关 键 词：土壤重金属 污染特征 土壤环境质量评价 伴生矿区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]