基于水源涵养功能的辽东防护林体系健康评价  

Health assessment of Liaodong shelterbelt system based on water conservation

作　　者：郑学良[1] 陈丽华[1] 李洪洋 涂志华 弓文艳 张雪琪 ZHENG Xueliang;CHEN Lihua;LI Hongyang;TU Zhihua;GONG Wenyan;ZHANG Xueqi(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;College of Forestry,Hainan University,570228,Haikou,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]海南大学林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2020年第2期102-110,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目“‘三北’地区防护林体系结构定向调控技术研究与示范”(2015BAD07B03)。

摘　　要：科学评价林分健康状况能够为功能导向型防护林经营提供重要依据。以大伙房水库防护林森林健康调查数据和实际情况为基础,确定"系统活力-组织结构-系统恢复力-水源涵养"4方面作为水源涵养林健康评价的准则层框架,并选取了17项指标,构成森林健康评价指标体系;然后运用综合指数法分别计算不同林分健康综合指数(H),并按照优质、健康、亚健康、不健康、疾病5个等级,对5种典型防护林(落叶松林、红松林、油松林、刺槐林和天然次生林)进行健康评价。研究结果显示:1)大伙房水库水源涵养防护林平均健康综合指数为5. 77,处于亚健康状态;15块样地分别处于健康、亚健康和不健康3种状态,数量分别为7块、5块和3块。2)对于不同林分来讲,森林健康综合指数排序为天然次生林(7. 29)>刺槐林(6. 67)>红松林(5. 88)>油松林(5. 79)>落叶松林(3. 21),其中:天然次生林健康状况最好,林分结构、林下枯落物、林地土壤性能等方面都明显占优,具有较高的结构稳定性和涵养水源能力;刺槐林同样处于健康等级,尤其在系统活力、水源涵养方面表现突出;红松、油松处于亚健康状态,有向健康林分转化的空间;落叶松健康状况明显较差,需采取措施改善其森林健康状况。[Background]As a key component of terrestrial ecosystems,forest is of important ecological and social functions,while forest health is the prerequisite of ensuring the playing of these functions.Scientific assessment of the health status of forest stands can provide an important basis for functionoriented protection forest management. [Methods] Based on the survey data of forests health and the actual situation of shelterbelts in Dahuofang Reservoir,this study identified 4 aspects of "system vitalityorganization-resilience-water conservation"as the criteria layer framework for the health assessment of water conservation forests,and then 17 indicators were selected to form a forest health assessment index system. The forest comprehensive health index( H) of different forest stands were calculated by the comprehensive index method,and according to 5 level of high quality,healthy,sub-healthy,unhealthy and disease,and the forest health for 5 typical shelterbelts( Larix gmelinii,Pinus tabuliformis,Pinus koraiensis,Robinia pseudoacacia and natural secondary forest) were analyzed. [Results]1) The average forest heath comprehensive index of water conservation forest in Dahuofang Reservoir is 5. 77,which is sub-healthy. Fifteen plots are in three states of healthy,sub-healthy and unhealthy,respectively,with the values of 7,5 and 3 respectively. 2) For different forests,the forest health comprehensive index( H)of different forests ranks as natural secondary forest( 7. 29) > R. pseudoacacia( 6. 67) > P. koraiensis( 5. 88) > P. tabuliformis( 5. 79) > L. gmelin( 3. 21). Among them,the health status of the natural secondary forest is the best,and their forest structure,forest litter,and soil properties of forest land are obviously superior,with high structural stability and water conservation capacity. R. pseudoacacia is also in a healthy level,especially in terms of system vitality and water conservation. P. tabuliformis and P.koraiensis are in a sub-health state,and they have the conditions of transferring to healthy forests

关 键 词：防护林 水源涵养 综合指数法 健康评价 大伙房水库 

分 类 号：S718.557[农业科学—林学]