西藏人工种草的潜在生态系统服务权衡分析  

Potential Trade-offs Among Ecosystem Services in Forage Cultivations in Tibet

作　　者：魏甫 潘影[2] WEI Fu;PAN Ying(Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Changsha 410014,H unan,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局中南调查规划设计院,长沙410014 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中南林业调查规划》2020年第1期36-42,共7页Central South Forest Inventory and Planning

摘　　要：在现有生态系统及农业生态学理论基础上,从耦合生态过程及人为管理驱动两种驱动机制,分析了西藏人工种草的潜在生态系统服务权衡,并探讨了优化人工种草中生态系统服务权衡的方法。分析表明:人工种草可以大幅提高牧草产量,但由于干物质积累耦合水分能量循环,人工草地初级生产力的大幅增加会提高蒸散,降低地表温度,而植被盖度增加会减少地表反射率,提高白天地表温度,从而影响草地气候调节服务;但若管理不当,会降低土壤碳固定、碳吸收服务、土壤保持服务和水质净化服务,还会造成水源涵养服务的变化。今后研究方向应结合样方尺度实验和景观尺度模型,筛选和研发优化技术和管理体系,降低人工草地生态系统服务权衡。Based on the existed theories in ecosystem and agricultural ecology,this paper reviewed and summarized the potential trade-offs among ecosystem services by forage cultivation in Tibet.The methods to optimize trade-offs among ecosystem services by forage cultivation had been discussed.There were two driving mechanisms of ecosystem services trade-offs,which were the coupling ecological processes driving and mutual managements driving.Forage cultivation could increase the forage production substantially.However,the process of dry matter accumulation was connected with process of water and energy cycling.The largely increased primary production in cultivated forage grassland could lead to an enhancement in ecosystem evapotranspiration.This could lead to a decrease on surface temperature.In the meantime,the increased vegetation cover to forage cultivation could reduce the albedo,leading to an increase of the surface temperature during the day.So,the grassland climate adjustment services were affected.If managed badly,the soil carbon fixation and carbon sequestration services,soil conservation service,water purification service shall be decreased.And,it could change water conservation services.The future research direction should be as follows:combining quadrat scale experiment and landscape scale model to screen,research and development the optimization technology and management system with the purpose to lower down trade-offs among ecosystem services by forage cultivation.

关 键 词：生态系统服务 权衡 人工草地 草牧业 西藏 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]