热带甜玉米(Zea mays L.saccharata Stult)种质资源遗传多样性分析及抗旱性鉴定  

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Drought Resistance Identification of Sweet(Zea mays L.saccharata Stult)Germplasm Resources

作　　者：高玉尧[1,3] 许文天 胡小文[1,3] 徐磊[1,3] 刘洋 Gao Yuyao;XuWentian;Hu Xiaowu;Xu Lei;Liu Yang(Zhanjiang Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,524013;South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,524091;Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for DrylandWater-saving Agriculture,Zhanjiang,524013)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站,湛江524013 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,湛江524091 [3]广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研发中心,湛江524013

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2020年第12期4136-4143,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030307032,2016A030307007)资助。

摘　　要：为了筛选抗旱性强且具有优良性状的甜玉米材料,本试验对44份热带甜玉米种质材料的主要农艺性状进行遗传多样性和聚类分析,并进行抗旱性鉴定评价。结果表明,44份甜玉米种质的株高、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、穗位高及百粒重等农艺性状的变异系数差异较大,其中穗位高的变异性最大,变异系数达到30.17%,而叶长的变异性最小,仅为11.93%;且各农艺性状的多样性指数较大,均在1.89~2.06之间,这些种质材料具有丰富的多样性。这44份甜玉米材料之间的过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)及过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性均存在极显著差异,其中POD活性在143.49~2382.80 U·g-1·min-1之间,2000 U·g-1·min-1以上的材料只有3个;而CAT活性在134.60~653.93 U·g-1·min-1之间,600 U·g-1·min-1以上的材料只有2个。通过对甜玉米主要农艺性状和抗氧化酶活性类群特征进行综合分析,发现ZM110、ZM112、ZM114、ZM121这4个材料不仅抗旱性强,而且主要农艺性状表现良好,可选作甜玉米种质创新利用和抗旱遗传育种研究候选材料。In order to select the sweet corn materials with strong drought resistance and excellent agronomic traits,the genetic diversity,clustering analysis and drought resistance evaluation were analyzed based on main agronomic traits and physiological index of 44 sweet corn germplasm materials in tropics in this study.The results showed that differences were detected among the coefficient of variance in the main agronomic traits of 44 sweet corn germplasm materials including plant height,leaf length,leaf width,stem diameter,ear height and hundred-grain weight.The variation of ear height was the largest and the coefficient of variation(CV)reached 30.17%,while the variation of leaf length was the smallest,only 11.93%.The Shannon-Wiener indexes of the main agronomic traits ranged from 1.89~2.06 displaying a high genetic diversity.In addition,significant differences were detected among the peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activity of 44 sweet corn germplasm materials,with POD activity ranged from 143.49~2382.80 U·g-1·min-1 only 3 materials above 2000 U·g-1·min-1,with CAT activity ranged from 134.60~653.93U·g-1·min-1 only 2 materials above 600 U·g-1·min-1.Based on comprehensive analysis of main agronomic traits and group characteristics of antioxidant enzyme activity of the sweet corn,the 4 materials named ZM110,ZM112,ZM114,ZM121 had better drought resistance and main agronomic traits,which would be the candidate materials for innovative utilization of germplasm and drought-resistant genetic breeding research.

关 键 词：甜玉米 农艺性状 遗传多样性分析 聚类分析 抗旱性鉴定 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]