2014-2018年北京市海淀区诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征与病原学研究  

Epidemiologic characteristics and etiology of norovirus aggregation in Haidian district of Beijing from 2014to 2018

作　　者：华伟玉[1] 邢彦[1] 刘锋[1] 郭黎[1] 邵云平[1] 赵振[1] 刘方遥[1] HUA Wei-yu;XING Yan;LIU Feng;GUO Li;SHAO Yun-ping;ZHAO Zhen;LIU Fang-yao(Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Haidian District,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2020年第2期142-146,共5页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：北京市海淀区预防医学会课题(2017HDPMA17)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市海淀区2014-2018年诺如病毒(norovirus,NV)聚集性疫情流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对2014年1月-2018年12月北京市海淀区发生的诺如病毒聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查,采集典型病例、部分密切接触者等人群粪便或肛拭子标本进行诺如病毒和轮状病毒检测。结果2014-2018年北京市海淀区诺如病毒聚集性疫情共报告139起,其中托幼机构55起,中小学校74起,大学2起,培训机构5起,其他3起,报告疑似病例2148例,单起疫情病例中位数12例。冬春季为诺如病毒聚集性疫情高发季节,不同发生场所疫情发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.069,P<0.001)。儿童与成人病例中4种症状(腹泻:28.43%vs 87.43%;恶心:46.43%vs 56.57%;呕吐:94.07%vs 57.14%;其他症状:4.87%vs 31.43%)发生情况差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。疫情接触传播、食源性传播和混合传播发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=84.143,P<0.001)。139起疫情诺如病毒分型以GⅡ型为主,其中2017年69起疫情中48起GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.2型病毒阳性,占69.57%(48/69)。结论冬春季是北京市海淀区诺如病毒聚集性疫情高发季节,中小学校和托幼机构是防控重点场所,GⅡ型是主要流行型别,疫情以接触传播为主,防止隐性感染传播和病毒在“家庭-学校”之间传播,对疫情防控具有重要意义。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus aggregation in Haidian district of Beijing from 2014to 2018.Methods Field epidemiological investigation was conducted to study the accumulation of norovirus in Haidian district of Beijing from January 2014to December 2018.Norovirus and rotavirus were detected in stool specimen or anal swabs of typical cases,some close contacts and so on.Results A total of 139cases of norovirus aggregation were reported in Haidian district of Beijing from 2014to 2018,including 55cases from nurseries,74cases from primary and secondary schools,2cases from universities,5cases from training institutions and 3other cases.There were 2148suspected cases and 12median cases of single epidemic reported.Winter and spring were the seasons with high incidence of norovirus aggregation epidemics,and there was significant difference in the incidence of epidemic situation among different places of occurrence(χ^2=7.069,P<0.001).There were significant differences in the incidence of four symptoms(diarrhea,nausea,vomiting and dizziness,other symptoms)between children and adults(28.43%vs 87.43%for diarrhea;46.43%vs 56.57%for nausea;94.07%vs 57.14%for vomiting and dizziness;4.87%vs 31.43%for other symptoms,respectively,P all<0.05).There was a significant difference in the incidence of contact spread,food-borne transmission and mixed transmission(χ^2=84.143,P<0.001).Among the 139 cases,GⅡnorovirus was the main type of virus,of which 48cases were GⅡ.P16-GⅡ2virus positive in 2017,accounting for 69.57%.Conclusions Winter and spring are the high incidence seasons of norovirus aggregation epidemics in Haidian district of Beijing.Primary and secondary schools and nurseries are key places for prevention and control.GⅡnorovirus is the main epidemic type,and the epidemic situation is mainly spread by contact.It is of great significance to prevent the spread of the recessive infection and the spread of the virus among the"home-schools".

关 键 词：诺如病毒 聚集性疫情 病原学 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]