中药材传统商品等级的科学性——以金银花为例  

Scientificity of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal materials--taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as example

作　　者：陈两绵[1] 高慧敏[1] 刘晓谦[1] 冯伟红[1] 朱晶晶[1] 王智民[1] 张永欣[1] 孟辰笑凝 郭中原 毛淑杰[1] 张启伟[1] CHEN Liang-mian;GAO Hui-min;LIU Xiao-qian;FENG Wei-hong;ZHU Jing-jing;WANG Zhi-min;ZHANG Yong-xin;MENG Chen-xiao-ning;GUO Zhong-yuan;MAO Shu-jie;ZHANG Qi-wei(National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所中药质量控制技术国家工程实验室国家中医药管理局中药过程控制技术重点研究室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2020年第9期2091-2102,共12页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“中医药现代化研究”项目(2017YFC1701900);中医药行业科研专项(201507002);国家中药标准化项目(中药标准饮片库建设);中国中医科学院自主选题项目(ZZ0808016,ZZ11-095)。

摘　　要：以金银花为例,采用"不同地域专家共识法"进行代表性样品遴选和商品等级评定,对"商品等级-外观性状-成分含量"进行相关性分析、系统聚类分析和PLS-DA分析,以阐述中药材传统商品等级的科学性。参考现有文献资料以及样品收集地的等级调研情况,从收集的118份金银花样品中遴选出"初始等级"样本78份;分别组织山东临沂、安徽亳州、河北安国和北京等4个地区(n=4)的权威专家进行等级评定,基于等级一致率(R_i≥70%),从"初始等级"样本中遴选出"地方等级"样本69份;基于平均等级一致率■,从"地方等级"样本中遴选出"权威等级"样本52份,其中一等品15份,二等品9份,三等品11份,四等品17份。以"权威等级"样本为对象,量化表征其主要外观性状,UPLC测定13种成分含量,并分别计算6种酚酸、4种黄酮以及3种环烯醚萜的总含量。相关性分析发现,与等级相关的外观性状指标有4项:色泽、黄条(含开放花)率、黑头(含黑条)率和枝叶(含花蕾碎屑)率;与等级相关的成分含量指标有5项:绿原酸、异绿原酸C、当药苷、马钱苷和6种酚酸总含量。同时,绿原酸、马钱苷和6种酚酸总含量与主要外观性状呈显著性负相关,说明金银花的外观性状可反映其内在质量,绿原酸、马钱苷和6种酚酸总含量可作为质量标志物(Q-markers)。系统聚类分析发现,4个等级的样品归为4个类别,相同等级归为同一类别的样品数占总样品数的80.8%,不同等级的样品分类明显;PLS-DA分析发现,不同等级的样品呈现出明显的组内聚集,组间离散现象。上述结果表明,"不同地域专家共识法"评定金银花的传统商品等级是可行的。中药材传统商品等级的评定,样品应有代表性,专家结论应有足够的共识性,等级确定应有权威性。传统商品等级作为临床经验的结晶,是能够反映中药材内在质量的,具有科学性。Taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as an example,the method of"expert consensus of different regions"was used to screen the representative samples and evaluate their commodity grades.The correlation analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)of"commodity grade-appearance characteristic-component content"were carried out to reveal the scientificity of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal material.By referring to the existing literature and the grade investigation from the sample collection regions,78"initial grade"samples were screened out from 118 collected samples.Authoritative experts from four regions(n=4)including Linyi(Shangdong province),Bozhou(Anhui province),Anguo(Hebei province)and Beijing were organized to evaluate their commodity grades,separately.Based on the grade consistency rate(Ri≥70%),69"local grade"samples were screened out from the"initial grade"samples.Based on the average grade consistency rate(Ri≥80%,n=4),52"authoritative grade"samples were screened out from the"local grade"samples,including15 first-grade samples,9 second-grade samples,11 third-grade samples and 17 fourth-grade samples.For these"authoritative grade"samples,the main appea-rance characteristics were quantified and the contents of 13 components were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).Furthermore,the total contents of 6 phenolic acids,4 flavonoids and 3 iridoids were calculated,respectively.The results of correlation analysis showed that 4 appearance characteristics indices were correlated with the commodity grades:color,rate of yellow bars(including blooming flowers),rate of black heads(including black bars),and rate of stems and leaves(including bud debris).Five component content indices were correlated with the commodity grades:chlorogenic acid,isochlorogenic acid C,sweroside,loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids.Furthermore,chlorogenic acid,loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids showed significantly negative

关 键 词：金银花 中药材商品等级 专家共识法 外观性状 质量标志物 

分 类 号：R282.5[医药卫生—中药学]