西安市234家医疗卫生机构辐射防护现状调查  

Investigation on radiological protection status of 234 medical institutions in Xi’an City

作　　者：吴文婧[1] 李毅[2] 孙雷焕[1] 张斌[1] WU Wen-jing;LI Yi;SUN Lei-huan;ZHANG Bin(Department of Radiological Health,Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an Shaanxi,710054,China;Department of Radiation Oncology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi'an Shaanxi,710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心放射卫生科,陕西西安710054 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院肿瘤放疗科,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第7期989-992,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过对西安市234家医疗机构放射工作场所的防护基本情况进行调查,了解西安市放射防护现状。方法根据GBZ 130-2013《医用X射线诊断放射防护要求》及GB 18871-2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》中的要求,2016-2018年对西安市234家医疗机构放射工作场所一般情况进行核查,对周围环境射线水平进行检测。结果机房使用年限集中在5~15年,使用时间超过15年的机房占比最大的为一级医院(21.74%)。机房面积、通风情况、警示标识和工作状态指示灯的设立,均为私人口腔诊所的通过率最低,分别为38.36%、21.92%、87.67%、71.88%,且不同级别医院间通过率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。机房防护辐射检测中,控制室操作区和候诊区的辐射剂量合格率普遍较高(均>97.00%),不同级别医院观察窗、控制室防护门、受检者通道门及机房外周墙体辐射剂量合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。不同级别医院辐射屏蔽总体合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=137.009,P<0.01)。结论三级医院放射防护总体情况最好,基层医院和私人口腔诊所的放射卫生工作有待进一步提高。Objective To study the radiological protection status in Xi’an City through investigating the basic conditions of protection in workplace of 234 medical institutions in Xi’an City.Methods According to the requirements of the Radiation protection for medical X-ray diagnosis(GBZ 130-2013)and the Protection against ioniz ing radiation and the safety of radiation sources(GB 18871-2002),the general situation of the radiation workplace of 234 medical institutions in Xi’an City was inspected,and the ray level of the surrounding environment was tested from 2016-2018.Results The total operating time of the machine room was concentrated in 5-15 years,and the proportion of the machine room with operating time more than 15 years in the primary hospitals was the highest(21.74%).The pass rates of the machine room area,ventilation,and setting up the warning signs and working status indicators in the private dental clinics were the lowest,which was 38.36%,21.92%,87.67%and 71.88%,respectively,while the differences in the pass rates were statistically significant among hospitals of different levels(all P<0.01).For the machine room protection radiation detection,the qualified rates of radiation dose in operation area and waiting area of control room were generally high(all>97.00%),and there were statistically significant differences in qualified rates of radiation dose on observation window,protective door of control room,access door of subject and peripheral wall of machine room among hospitals of different levels(all P<0.01).There was statistically significant difference in the overall qualified rate of radiation shie lding among hospitals of different levels(χ^2=137.009,P<0.01).Conclusion The overall level of radiation protection in tertiary hospitals is the best,and the radiological health work in primary hospitals and private dental clinics needs to be further improved.

关 键 词：医疗卫生机构 辐射防护 周围环境检测 

分 类 号：R148[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]