噪声及噪声联合电焊烟尘对广州市某整车制造企业劳动者心血管系统的影响  

Influence of noise and noise combined with welding fume on cardiovascular system of laborers in a whole vehicle manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou

作　　者：刘鑫 肖吕武[2] 周浩[2] 林秋月[2] 杜伟佳[2] 刘移民[1,2] LIU Xin;XIAO Lyu-wu;ZHOU Hao;LIN Qiu-yue;DU Wei-jia;LIU Yi-min(School of Public Health,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510080,China;Occupational Health Surveillance Centre,Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Centre of Occupational Diseases,Guangzhou Guangdong,510620,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广州市职业病防治院职业健康监护中心,广东广州510620

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第6期741-744,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科建设项目(穗卫科教〔2016〕27号);广州市高水平临床重点专科建设项目(穗卫函〔2019〕1555号);广州市“121人才梯队工程”后备人才项目(穗人社发〔2011〕167号)。

摘　　要：目的探讨噪声及噪声联合电焊烟尘暴露对整车制造工人心电图、血压及脉压差的影响。方法采用横断面流行病学研究方法,选取广州市某大型汽车制造集团3434名男性职工为研究对象,按职业暴露情况将研究对象分为对照组、噪声暴露组及噪声+电焊烟尘暴露组,并对其2018年健康检查心血管系统相关项目检查结果进行描述和统计学分析。结果噪声暴露组共调查1222人,噪声+电焊烟尘暴露组调查917人,对照组调查995人,其心电图异常率分别为40.18%、27.37%、15.28%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组工人高血压发生率、收缩压偏高率、舒张压偏高率及脉压差异常率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。噪声暴露组中≤25岁组工人心电图异常率最高(45.19%),>35岁组异常率最低(26.53%),随着年龄增大心电图异常率逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=18.727,P<0.05);噪声+电焊烟尘暴露组和对照组内不同年龄人群心电图异常率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。噪声暴露组不同工龄人群心电图异常发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=12.306,P<0.05),其中3.1~6.0、6.1~9.0年工龄组发生率最高;噪声+电焊烟尘暴露组和对照组不同工龄人群心电图异常率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论噪声及噪声+电焊烟尘暴露对整车制造企业生产工人心血管系统有一定的影响,表现为心电图异常率显著增高。Objective To explore the influence of noise and noise combined with welding fume exposure on electrocardiogram(ECG),blood pressure and pulse pressure difference of vehicle manufacturers.Methods Using cross-sectional epidemiological research methods,3434 male employees of a large automobile manufacturing group in Guangzhou were selected as research objects,which were divided into control group,noise exposure group,noise+welding fume exposure group according to occupational exposure.The examination results of cardiovascular system-related items in 2018 health examination were described and statistically analyzed.Results There were 1222 people in noise exposure group,917 people in noise+welding fume exposure group and 995 people in control group.The abnormal rates of ECG were 40.18%,27.37%and 15.28%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypertension,high systolic blood pressure,high diastolic blood pressure,and abnormal pulse pressure difference among the three groups of workers(all P>0.05).In the noise exposure group,the abnormality rate of ECG was highest in the≤25-year-old workers(45.19%),and the lowest rate was in the>35-year-old workers(26.53%).With the increase of age,the abnormal rate of ECG was gradually decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=18.727,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ECG abnormality rate between the noise+welding fume exposure group and the control group between all age groups(P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of ECG abnormalities among the working age groups in the noise exposure group(χ^2=12.306,P<0.05),with the highest incidence in the working age groups of 3.1-6.0 and 6.1-9.0 years.The differences of abnormal rates of ECG in different working age groups in noise+welding fume exposure group and control group were not statistically significant(all P>0.05).Conclusion The noise and noise+welding fume exposure has a certa

关 键 词：噪声 电焊烟尘 整车制造 心血管系统 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]