农业劳动力转移背景下农业直接补贴对面源污染的影响——以化肥污染为例  

Impact of Agricultural Direct Subsidies on Non-point Source Pollution under the Background of Agricultural Labor Transfer:A case study of chemical fertilizer pollution

作　　者：刘燕[1] 柴原 LIU Yan;CHAI Yuan(Center for Public Economy and Public Policy Research,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;School of Public Administration,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学公共经济与公共政策研究中心,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期56-66,73,共12页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社科重点项目“多态叠加下的中国劳动力市场新表现与新挑战研究”(15AZD021);重庆市研究生科研创新项目,“重庆三峡库区面源污染问题研究”(CYS18058)。

摘　　要：由于长期以来粗放的农业生产方式,我国农业面源污染日益严重,其中种植业化肥污染是农业面源污染的主要来源。在农业劳动力转移的背景下,我国主要采用农业直接补贴的方式刺激农业生产,保障国家粮食安全。与此同时,农业直接补贴有可能通过刺激化肥施用进而激化农业面源污染。因此,厘清农业劳动力转移背景下农业直接补贴对面源污染的作用机理,对于粮食生产和农业面源污染治理意义重大。基于1990—2017年的省际面板数据,探究农业直接补贴在农业劳动力转移的背景下对化肥施用的影响。农业直接补贴主要通过减弱农业投资的成本约束、影响农业生产要素的相对价格、鼓励采用新技术等刺激化肥施用,进而激化农业面源污染。在农村劳动力转移的背景下,劳动力转移部分通过农业劳动力成本增加刺激化肥对劳动力的替代效应,大部分是化肥对劳动力转移的直接替代,增加化肥施用,增强农业面源污染。劳动力转移和农业直接补贴存在交互效应,反而会削弱农业直接补贴对化肥施用的影响。Due to the extensive agricultural production mode for a long time,China’s agricultural non-point source pollution is increasingly serious,among which the planting industry fertilizer pollution is the main source of agricultural non-point source pollution.In the context of the transfer of agricultural labor force,China adopts direct agricultural subsidies to stimulate agricultural production and ensure national food security.At the same time,direct agricultural subsidies are likely to exacerbate non-point agricultural pollution by stimulating the use of fertilizers.Therefore,it is of great significance for food production and agricultural non-point source pollution control to clarify the action mechanism of direct agricultural subsidies on non-point source pollution under the background of agricultural labor transfer.Based on inter-provincial panel data from 1990 to 2017,the study aims to explore the impact of direct agricultural subsidies on fertilizer use in the context of agricultural labor migration.Direct agricultural subsidies mainly stimulate the application of chemical fertilizers by reducing the cost constraints of agricultural investment,affecting the relative prices of agricultural production factors,and encouraging the adoption of new technologies,thus intensifying agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Under the background of rural labor transfer,labor transfer partly stimulates the substitution effect of chemical fertilizer on labor force through the increase of agricultural labor cost,and most of it is the direct substitution of chemical fertilizer on labor force transfer,increasing the application of chemical fertilizer and enhancing agricultural non-point source pollution.The interaction between labor transfer and direct agricultural subsidies weakens the effect of direct agricultural subsidies on fertilizer application.

关 键 词：农业直接补贴 劳动力转移 化肥施用 农业面源污染 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]