高速列车转向架区气动噪声分离研究  

Study on Separation of Aerodynamic Noise from High Speed Train Bogies

作　　者：朱雷威 郭建强 赵艳菊 宋雷鸣[2] ZHU Leiwei;GUO Jianqiang;ZHAO Yanju;SONG Leiming(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.Qingdao,266111,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Bejing Jiaotong University Bejing,100044.China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,青岛266111 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2020年第3期489-493,624,共6页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200503)。

摘　　要：高速列车转向架区的噪声包含气动噪声、轮轨噪声和设备(结构)噪声,为了将这几种噪声进行分离,将工况传递路径分析(operational transfer path analysis,简称OTPA)技术用于转向架区气动噪声分离。低速运行工况,转向架区的噪声主要是轮轨噪声和由电机、轴箱、齿轮箱等动力设备产生的结构噪声,气动噪声很小可以忽略不计,通过低速运行工况的传递路径分析可以得到轮轨声和结构声路径的传递函数;高速运行工况,转向架区目标点的噪声是3种噪声贡献叠加的结果,在假定轮轨噪声和结构噪声传递函数不随速度变化的前提下,用低速运行工况下的传递函数可以求得轮轨噪声和结构噪声的贡献量,与目标点总值比较,差异部分即为气动噪声的贡献量。分离结果表明,气动噪声占主导的速度转折点出现在200km/h,350km/h速度级下气动噪声的贡献量达到60%,轮轨噪声的贡献量约为30%,仍不可忽略。There are aerodynamic noise,wheel/rail noise and equipment(structure)noise in the bogie area of high-speed train.In order to separate the noise,the operational transfer path analysis(OTPA)is used in the bogie area.In the low-speed operation condition,the noise in the bogie area of the train is mainly the wheel-rail noise,and the structure noise generated by power equipment such as motor,axle box,gear box,etc.The aerodynamic noise is negligible,so the transfer function of the wheel-rail and the structure acoustic paths can be obtained by analyzing the transmission path of test data.In the high-speed operation condition,the response point noises of the bogie area in the transmission path analysis include the contribution of the two types of noises and the aerodynamic noise.The contributions of the wheel-rail and the structure noises under high-speed operation can be obtained by using the transfer function of the two types of noises obtained at the low-speed condition.Compared with the calculated total values,the contribution of aerodynamic noise can be accurately separated.The separation results show that the turning point of velocity dominated by aerodynamic noise occurs at the speed level of 200 km/h.However,at the speed level of 350 km/h,the contribution of the aerodynamic noise reaches 60%,and that of wheel-rail noise is about30%,which cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：气动噪声 高速列车 传递路径分析 贡献量 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]