中山王■墓九鼎考辨——对“考古材料”与“考古证据”的反思  

作　　者：巫鸿[1] 

机构地区：[1]芝加哥大学美术史系暨东亚语言文明系,美国芝加哥市IL60615

出　　处：《考古》2020年第5期78-82,共5页Archaeology

摘　　要：自王国维于1925年提出具有革命性的“二重证据法”以来,出土考古材料就被有意识地与传世文献联系,用以研究古代中国的历史和社会。然而这一重要的方法论并没有对“考古材料”和“考古证据”做出明确界定。王国维对二重证据法做了如此表述:“吾辈生于今日,幸于纸上之材料外,更得地下之新材料。由此种新材料,我辈得据以补正纸上之材料。……此二重证据法,惟在今日始得行之”[1]。其中所说的“材料”与“证据”有着类似含义。The claim that nine ding tripods were recovered from the tomb of King Cuo of Zhongshan is a misinterpretation of archaeological data.Thus,it cannot be referred as reliable archaeological evidence.According to written conventions for archaeological reports,it is inferred that the misinterpretation happened during data sorting and classification on material,shape and size after the grave goods were removed from the tomb.Through re-examining the alleged nine ding tripods from the tomb of King Cuo of Zhongshan,two refl ections on methodology arise:The fi rst is related to the editing of original archaeological data.The author suggests that archaeological data should be clearly distinguished from archaeological evidence.The second is concerned with the use of archaeological data published in reports,which,in most cases,are the only records of no-longer-existing archaeological features.

关 键 词：中山王墓 九鼎 考古材料 考古证据 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]