空气激光:强场新效应和远程探测新技术  

Air Lasing:Novel Effects in Strong Laser Fields and New Technology in Remote Sensing

作　　者：姚金平[1,2] 程亚 Yao Jinping;Cheng Ya(State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所强场激光物理国家重点实验室,上海201800 [2]中国科学院超强激光科学卓越创新中心,上海201800 [3]华东师范大学精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《中国激光》2020年第5期84-103,共20页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11822410);中国科学院战略性先导专项(XDB16030300);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH010);上海市科委重点项目(18DZ1112700);上海市青年科技启明星计划(17QA1404600);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018284)。

摘　　要：空气激光是以空气为增益介质产生的相干辐射,具有高准直度、高相干性、高强度以及自由空间传输等优点,为远程探测提供了全新的技术途径。同时,空气激光是强场超快激光与空气中的原子分子相互作用的结果,蕴含了新颖而丰富的强场物理效应。综述了空气激光近年来的主要研究进展。首先介绍了三类空气激光的产生途径及基本特征,然后从氮气离子激光的增益机制以及量子相干性两个层面阐述了空气激光所蕴含的新物理效应,并讨论了空气激光在远程探测中的应用,最后总结了空气激光研究的意义,展望了该方向面临的机遇与挑战。Air lasing refers to the coherent emission produced with air as the gain medium.Air lasing has numerous advantages such as high directionality,high coherence,high intensity,and free-space propagation.Therefore,air lasing provides a novel pathway for remote sensing.Air lasing,which is generated by the interaction between a strong ultrafast laser and atoms or molecules in air,includes many new strong-field effects.In this paper,we reviewed the major advances in air lasing in recent years.First,generation methods and basic characteristics of three types of air lasing were introduced.Next,new physical effects involved in air lasing were revealed based on two aspects,gain mechanism of molecular nitrogen ion lasing and quantum coherence.Moreover,applications of air lasing in remote sensing were discussed.Conclusively,the research significance of air lasing was summarized,and the opportunities and challenges in this topic were highlighted.

关 键 词：超快光学 空气激光 强场激光物理 远程探测 

分 类 号：O437[机械工程—光学工程]