江河堤防现状防洪能力评价方法研讨  

Study on Current Flood Control Capacity of Rivers and Levees

作　　者：姜辛[1] 吴明官[1] JIANG Xin;WU Ming-guan(Heiongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy & Hydroelectric Power Investigation, Design and Research Institute, Harbin 150080, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省水利水电勘测设计研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《黑龙江水利科技》2020年第6期48-53,121,共7页Heilongjiang Hydraulic Science and Technology

摘　　要：通过防汛特征水位的评价过程,把整个现有防洪堤,可以归类为一般、重点、全力防洪抢险的三种情况,即把河流的现状防洪能力划分为上(一般防洪)、中(重点防洪)、下(全力防洪)三级,其中:三大江和七大城市的防洪堤现状大多数属于一般情况,即现状防洪能力为上等,故当遭遇常遇洪水(约20a一遇)时,就可以大大地缩小防汛工作范围,减轻防洪压力,节省盲目全线投入防洪抢险的三力(人财物),这样就可以集中力量对重点(中等堤)和全力(下等堤)防洪抢险的防洪堤,采取工程措施,尽量把洪灾损失降到最低程度。总之,在江河现状防洪能力的评价结论中,应该分别统计上等堤、中等堤、下等堤长度以及各占总长度的比例等有关指标,并列出详细的统计表,以此作为编制防洪抢险预案的基础。Through the evaluation process of flood control characteristic water level,the whole existing flood dyke can be classified into three kinds of situations composed of general,emphasis,and all out for flood control and emergency,that is,the current flood control capacity of the river is divided into three levels:upper(general flood control),lower(key flood control),and lower(full flood control),of which:the current situation of the three major rivers and the seven major cities is mostly general,that is,the current flood control capacity is superior.When encountering frequent floods(about once in 20 years),the scope of flood control work can be greatly reduced,the pressure on flood control can be reduced,and the three forces(human,finance and property)that are blindly invested in flood control and rescue work on all fronts can be saved.In this way,efforts can be concentrated on the key(medium levees)and full(lower levees)flood flood emergency levees,engineering measures,as far as possible to reduce the flood losses to the lowest extent.In conclusion,in the evaluation of the flood control capacity of existing rivers,the length of upper,middle and lower levees should be counted respectively,the proportion of each to the total length of the relevant indicators,and a detailed statistical table,based on these,as a basis for the preparation of flood rescue plan.

关 键 词：警戒水位 保证水位 堤防达标率 上中下等堤比例 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]