国家主权与国际规则:美国对世界贸易组织争端解决机制的态度变迁  

National Sovereignty and International Rules:The Evolution of US Attitude towards WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism

作　　者：屠新泉[1] 石晓婧 TU Xinquan;SHI Xiaojing(University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2020年第6期1-11,共11页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“逆全球化动向与国际经贸规则重构的中国方案研究”(17ZDA098);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多边贸易体制70年发展历程回顾与思考”(16JJD790008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：争端解决机制自成立以来就受到了高度的赞誉,成为世界贸易组织规则体系的一项重要的保障。美国阻挠上诉机构法官遴选,使其面临严重危机,意在打破争端解决机制中原已建立的权力平衡。本文通过回顾历史的方式对争端解决机制中的权力制衡进行考察,同时对比现状发现,美国的态度发生了完全的转变,即同时扮演着争端解决机制的建设者和破坏者的角色。探究其原因,主要是美国对主权观念的坚持、争端解决机制对其约束加强以及国内外形势变化三个方面的因素,导致美国对争端解决机制的真实诉求发生了改变,从而希望通过摆脱争端解决机制束缚,维护本国的主权和利益。Since its establishment,the dispute settlement mechanism has been highly praised and has become an important guarantee of the WTO rules system.The United States obstructs the selection of judges in the appellate body,confronts the mechanism with a serious crisis,and intends to break the power equilibrium in the established mechanism.With an exploration into the history of the dispute settlement mechanism,the paper examines the balance of rights and finds that the US has completely changed its attitude towards the dispute settlement mechanism and that it acts as the constructer and destroyer of the dispute settlement mechanism at the same time.The paper proposes that three factors have led to the change of the real demands of the US,namely,the US's adherence to the concept of sovereignty,the increase of constraints imposed by the dispute settlement mechanism,and the change of the situation both at home and abroad.Therefore,the US hopes to get rid of the institutional shackles and safeguard the sovereignty and interests of the country by destroying the dispute settlement mechanism.

关 键 词：争端解决机制 权力平衡 主权观念 历史对比 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] F11[政治法律—政治学]