美国对华科技遏制战略的实施与制约  

The US Technology Containment Policy against China:Implementation and Constraints

作　　者：池志培[1] CHI Zhipei(Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学国防经济与管理研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2020年第6期27-42,共16页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“美欧在对外制裁问题上的战略协作及我国应对策略研究”(15CGJ005)的阶段性研究成果;北京高校高精尖学科“战略经济与军民融合”交叉学科(GJJ2019163)支持项目;中央财经大学双一流和特色发展引导学科专项(022959918005)的支持。

摘　　要：在大国技术竞争中,国家可以采取自强型或者遏制型的战略。中美贸易摩擦的核心是特朗普政府对中国科技发展采取的遏制型战略。驱动美国向遏制型战略转变的原因是技术在未来国际战略格局中的作用,中国的技术崛起使美国感到了威胁,而同时特朗普政府及其带来的政治混乱又给这种政策的出台提供了条件。美国的立法、行政和司法机构都对中国的技术发展采取了一系列的针对性措施,限制市场、投资、技术、人才,并威逼利诱盟友进行联合围堵。但是也有诸多的因素会约束美国对华的科技遏制战略,包括技术发展对合作的需要、美国的高科技企业对中国市场的需要、国际竞争的压力以及美国对外国科技人才的依赖等。未来的发展走向有赖于这些不同因素之间的消长,中国应该立足于自身科技的发展和国际合作来应对美国的科技围堵。In the arena of science and technology competition between major powers,a country can either adopt the strategy of self-enhancing or containment.The essence of the recent China-US trade friction lies in that the Trump administration adopted the technology containment policy against China.Such a turn in policy is caused by the revolutionary development of technologies,the threat the US perceives from China's rapid rise in technology,and the US's chaotic domestic political environment worsened by the advent of Trump's presidency.All of the legislature,executive,and legal branches of the US have taken measures to contain and limit the exchange of investment,technology and researchers between the two countries as well as reducing market access to Chinese companies.However,several factors are expected to restrain the containment policy,including the need for cooperation in technological development,the attractiveness of Chinese markets to US companies,the pressure from international competition,and US reliance on foreign-born researchers.The development of the US policy will depend on how these factors play out.Finally,China should focus on self-development in technology and international cooperation in coping with the US technology containment.

关 键 词：中美关系 科技遏制 大国竞争 投资审查 出口管制 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]