东亚飞蝗选择栖息高度影响因素的研究  

Study on factors influencing the selection of the height of plant inhabited by Locusta migratoria manilensis

作　　者：程雨蒙 李红梅[1,2] 任彬元 谢秀华 张西建 刘银民 张爱环 CHENG Yu-Meng;LI Hong-Mei;REN Bin-Yuan;XIE Xiu-Hua;ZHANG Xi-Jian;LIU Yin-Min;ZHANG Ai-Huan(MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100193,China;CABI East Asia,Beijing 100081,China;National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Dongying Plant Protection Station of Shandong Province,Dongying 257091,Shandong Province,China;College of Bioscience and Resource Environment,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部-CABI生物联合实验室,北京100193 [2]CABI东亚中心,北京100081 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [4]山东省东营市植物保护站,山东东营257091 [5]北京农学院生物与资源环境学院,北京102206

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2020年第3期545-552,共8页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：英国牛顿农业技术基金(ST/N006712/1,ST/N006836/1,ST/N006852/1);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200402)。

摘　　要：为明确东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis对植物群落的利用特征,采用自然生境中罩笼的方法,观察东亚飞蝗对栖息高度的选择行为,分析发生代数、种群密度、调查时间以及环境温湿度对东亚飞蝗栖息高度选择的影响。结果表明:东亚飞蝗夏蝗偏好栖息在0~20 cm,秋蝗偏好栖息在>80 cm。在食物充足的条件下,当蝗蝻密度d≤20头/m^2时,东亚飞蝗偏好栖息在植株中上部,以>80 cm的蝗虫数量比最大;种群密度d=100头/m^2,飞蝗偏好栖息在植株较低位置,以0~20 cm的蝗虫数量比最大。东亚飞蝗在日出之前和日落之后偏好栖息在植株中上部;在12∶00和16∶00这两个时间段偏好选择栖息在植株中下部。选择栖息在0~20、40~60和>80 cm这3个高度的东亚飞蝗数量百分比与环境温度呈负相关,但是与环境湿度呈显著的正相关(P<0.05)。这说明随着温度的降低或湿度的增加,飞蝗偏好栖息在这3个位置。To clarify the space utilization characteristics of Locusta migratoria manilensis to plant communities,the plant height selection behavior was observed in natural habitats through cage tests at Kenli District,Dongying City.The differences of plant height selection of L.m.manilensis with different generation,population density,survey time,and the relationships between plant height selection of locusts and temperature and humidity factors were determined.The results showed that the preference of the L.m.manilensis was 0~20 cm in summer generation and above 80 cm in autumn generation.When population density was not higher than d=20 head/m^2 with sufficient food sources,the nymphs preferred to select the middle to upper part of the plant,and the select proportion of nymphs was the largest at above 80 cm generally.When population density was d=100 head/m^2 with sufficient food sources,the nymphs preferred to select the lower part of the plant,and the select proportion of nymphs was the largest at 0~20 cm generally.The nymphs preferred to select the lower part of the plant before sunrise and after sunset.At 12∶00 and 16∶00 investigation period,the nymphs tended to the middle to the lower part of the plant.The nymphs at 0~20,40~60 and above 80 cm was negatively correlated with environmental temperature,but significantly positively correlated with environmental humidity(P<0.05).This indicates that locusts prefer to select these three locations with the decrease of temperature or the increase of humidity.

关 键 词：东亚飞蝗 种群密度 植株高度 数量百分比 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]