纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置的设计与优化研究  

Design and Optimization of Longitude-Bend Complex Mode Elliptical Vibration Assisted Drilling Device

作　　者：王晓雪 张臣[1] 王生才 WANG Xiaoxue;ZHANG Chen;WANG Shengcai(College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2020年第12期70-79,共10页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：江苏省“六大人才高峰”高层次人才项目(GDZB-011);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51675277)。

摘　　要：相比于其他振动形式,纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削加工在减小深腔孔加工中的切削力和切削热以及减小刀具与孔壁之间的摩擦方面具有明显优势。目前在纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置设计中,钻削刀具等附属部件的安装,使得纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置的实际频率与设计频率存在较大差异,同时纵振和弯振无法获得同频共振模态,为此,对纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置的设计与优化方法进行研究。首先根据椭圆轨迹输出要求对纵弯装置进行总体结构设计,用解析法设计超声换能器和变幅杆,建立纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置初始三维模型,并基于建立的三维模型进行纵弯椭圆振动的运动学建模;其次基于纵弯谐振频率逼近目标频率的原则,用等质量法和简化法减小刀具和ER夹头螺母对谐振频率的影响,并用有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench通过控制变量法对纵弯椭圆振动钻削装置进行优化;最后根据有限元优化结果确定结构尺寸,进行动力学特性分析,验证了提出的纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置的设计与优化方法。研究表明,本方法可降低刀具等附属部件对频率的影响,实现纵弯椭圆振动辅助钻削装置的同频共振。Longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling has significant advantages in reducing the cutting force and cutting heat of deep cavity machining and reducing the friction between the tool and the hole wall compared to other vibration forms.At present,in the design of the longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device,due to the installation of the appurtenances such as the drilling tools,etc,the actual frequency and the design frequency of the longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device are greatly different.At the same time,the longitudinal vibration and the bending vibration cannot obtain the same frequency resonance mode.For this reason,this paper studies the design and optimization methods of the longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device.Firstly,according to the elliptical trajectory output requirements,the overall structural design of the longitude-bend device is carried out.Analytical method is used to design ultrasonic transducer and horn,and the initial three-dimensional model of longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device is established.Establishing the kinematics modeling of longitude-bend elliptical vibration on the basis of the established three-dimensional model;Secondly,based on the principle that the longitude-bend resonant frequency is close to the target frequency,the influence of the tool and ER collet nut on the resonant frequency is reduced by equal mass method and simplified method,and the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench is used to control the variable.The method optimizes the longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device;Finally,the structure size is determined according to the finite element optimization results,and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed.It is verified that the design and optimization method of the longitude-bend elliptical vibration assisted drilling device proposed in this paper can reduce the influence on the frequency of appurtenances such as the drilling tools,e

关 键 词：超声椭圆振动 谐振频率 参数优化 有限元分析 纵弯振动 

分 类 号：V26[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]