区块链技术在交通运输行业新冠肺炎疫情防控中的应用分析与政策建议  

Application of Blockchain Technology in Prevention and Control of COVID-19 Epidemic in Transport Industry and Policy Suggestions

作　　者：李超[1] 吴洪洋[1] 尹志芳[1] 张晚笛 Li Chao;Wu Hong-yang;Yin Zhi-fang;Zhang Wan-di(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2020年第3期30-38,共9页Transport Research

基　　金：中华环境保护基金会绿色出行专项基金项目(2018-148369J)。

摘　　要：为提升交通运输行业新冠肺炎疫情防控水平,解决行业信息分散、孤立、不透明、难追溯等问题,加强区块链在交通运输行业中的应用,首先介绍了区块链哈希函数、非对称加密、默克尔树、智能合约、P2P网络等底层技术优势。然后,针对新冠肺炎疫情防控工作中卡口管控、医疗物资分配、防疫物资运输三个场景存在的问题,分析了区块链技术对提升交通运输管理的作用,并构建了区块链技术系统架构,设计了基于区块链技术的相关管理和技术流程。最后,提出促进行业信息资源共享、加强先进技术融合、加快底层技术建设与开发及区块链技术与管理体制相结合的政策建议,以促进区块链在交通运输行业疫情防控方面的应用。In order to improve the ability of prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in transport industry,solve the problems of dispersion,isolation,opacity and difficulty in tracing of industry information,and promote the application of blockchain in transport industry,some basic technologies of blockchain including hash function,asymmetric encryption,Merkel tree,smart contract,P2P network and so on were analyzed.Then,in view of the problems in three scenarios including bayonet control,medical material distribution and epidemic prevention materials transportation in the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic,the mechanism of blockchain technology in improving transportation management was analyzed,some management systems based on blockchain technology were constructed and related technical processes were designed.Finally,some policy suggestions were proposed to promote the application of blockchain in prevention and control of epidemics in transport industry,including promoting the sharing of industry information resources,strengthening the integration of advanced technologies,speeding up the construction and development of underlying technologies,and combing blockchain technology with management systems.

关 键 词：区块链技术 应用场景 卡口管控 物资分配 物资运输 

分 类 号：U-9[交通运输工程]