礼仪中的图像——鲁西南《单钱灶》及其礼俗实践  

Image in Rituals:Dan Qian Zao in the Southwest of Shandong Province and Its Etiquette and Customs Practice

作　　者：韩明 HAN Ming

机构地区：[1]山东大学艺术学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东工艺美术学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《民俗研究》2020年第4期96-104,158,159,共11页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“中华传统造物艺术体系与设计文献研究”(项目编号:19ZD22)的阶段性成果.

摘　　要：作为礼仪图像的一种类型,鲁西南地区木版套色年画《单钱灶》是一个由信俗、礼俗和审美三重维度建构起来的"精神结构体",该类灶王图在民俗语境中承载了"九世共爨"和"天缘配"等民众的朴素价值观念。在礼俗实践中,供奉者借助图像媒介与神灵之间通过膜拜、观视行为完成精神的"对话",图像的信仰功能、礼俗意义与审美价值在致祭过程中得以横向展开,有效带动并持续激活文化记忆代代绵延赓续。从图像释读与礼俗实践视角出发,对《单钱灶》图像相关口头记忆、礼俗实践、历史文本与图像本体关系进行梳理,能够有效阐释根植于民俗社会的礼仪图像所依赖的民俗语境与礼俗传统。As a type ofritual image,Dan Qian Zao,a colorful wood-engraving New Year picture in the southwest of Shandong Province,is“a body of spiritual structure”constructed of folk beliefs,etiquette and customs,and aesthetics.Such a Kitchen God picture bears common people's simple value of“nine generations dining together”and“predestined marriage”.In the etiquette and customs practice,worshippers complete the spiritual dialogue with gods by behaviors of worshipping and viewing with the media of image.The function of belief,significance of etiquette and customs,and aesthetic value of image are expanded horizontally in the process of sacrifice,which effectively drives and constantly motivates the inheritance of cultural memory.From the perspective of image interpretation as well as etiquette and customs practice,the relationship among relevant oral memory of the image of Dan Qian Zao,etiquette and customs practice,historical text and image itself is organized to effectively interpret the folk context and etiquette and customs tradition that the ritual image rooted in the folk society depends on.

关 键 词：灶王图 纸马 单钱灶 摇钱树 九世共爨 礼仪图像 

分 类 号：J218.3[艺术—美术] K892.2[历史地理—民俗学]