运动生物力学视角下残疾人体育竞技表现提升研究进展  

Research Progress of the Improvement of Disabled Sports Performance inthe View of Sports Biomechanics

作　　者：孙冬[1] 赵亮 黄莹 宋杨 梅齐昌 李建设[1] 顾耀东[1] SUN Dong;ZHAO Liang;HUANG Ying;SONG Yang;MEI Qichang;LI Jianshe;GU Yaodong(Faculty of Sports Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;China Administration of Sports for Persons with Disabilities,Beijing 101318,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]中国残疾人体育运动管理中心,北京101318

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第5期60-72,共13页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300905);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81772423)。

摘　　要：在残疾人竞技体育快速发展和科技助力残奥背景下,系统梳理回顾近年来运动生物力学助力残疾人竞技运动表现提高的理论体系和最新应用成果。当前研究聚焦3个方面:1)残疾运动员技术动作的生物力学分析反馈;2)辅具/假肢/装备的生物力学设计优化;3)残疾运动员科学分级的生物力学实证体系构建。基于当前研究现状,建议未来运动生物力学助力残疾人竞技表现提升研究应整合实验室检测和场地实时测试,依托无标记动作捕捉、可穿戴传感技术、大数据分析等交叉学科前沿技术方法,将滞后的分析报告转变为即刻快速反馈的数据,将常规的科技服务转变为科学训练助力,为残疾运动员动作技术优化、假肢装备改良适配、科学化训练及实证分级提供科技支撑。同时,建议增加对残疾人冬季项目运动生物力学研究的关注和投入,大力开展冰雪项目运动表现生物力学分析,优化辅具装备的生物力学适配设计,构建实证量化的科学分级体系,科技助力残疾人竞技体育科学快速健康发展。With the rapid development of disabled sports and the assistance of science and technology,this article systematically reviewed the biomechanical research of disabled sports in recent years and clarified the latest developments in sport biomechanics methods in improving disabled sports performance.Current studies focus on the following four aspects:1)biomechanical analysis of technical movements of disabled athletes;2)biomechanical optimization of assistive/prosthetic/sports equipment for disabled athletes;3)establishment of the biomechanical system for scientific classification of disabled athletes.Based on current research,it is suggested to integrate laboratory and field tests which were relying on interdisciplinary techniques such as unmarked motion capture,wearable sensor technology,and big data analysis.It will change the post-analysis reports into immediate quick feedback and change the technology services into training assistants.Moreover,the sports biomechanics research for disabled winter sports events should be increased,and carrying out the biomechanical analysis of sports performance of Winter Paralympic to build a quantitative scientific classification system is important as well.In the future,sports biomechanics should be used to promote the individualization of assistive equipment and adaptive biomechanical optimization design,and thus promote the development of disabled sports science.

关 键 词：运动生物力学 残疾人 竞技体育 竞技能力 提升 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]