商品结构视角下中美货物进出口贸易效率比较  

作　　者：才凌惠 朱延福[2] 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学经济与管理学院,江西南昌330013 [2]中南财经政法大学经济学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《企业经济》2020年第6期144-152,共9页Enterprise Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“‘中国制造2025’培育战略性新兴产业路径及统计监测方法研究”(项目编号:18XTJ001)。

摘　　要：平衡中美货物进出口规模对促进中美贸易健康发展有积极的作用,根据中国对美国货物进出口贸易效率展开双边贸易符合两国的市场需求且能有效缓解贸易失衡问题。本文利用随机前沿引力模型,在分析中国货物进出口贸易效率影响因素的基础上,对中美间不同类别商品的进出口贸易效率进行预测分析。研究发现:中国对美国货物出口贸易效率呈现先上升再下降的趋势,货物进口贸易效率呈现上升的趋势,且货物出口贸易效率大于货物进口贸易效率。此外,中国对美国不同类别商品的进出口贸易效率存在较大的差异。基于此提出建议:中美两国应建立更加密切的互信交流机制,中国应以国内市场需求为导向持续扩大对美国货物的进口规模,并优化对美国出口货物的商品结构。Balancing import and export scale of Sino-US goods plays a positive role in promoting the healthy development of Sino-US trade.Bilateral trade based on the efficiency of China's import and export trade with the United States conform the market demand of both countries and may reduce the trade imbalance effectively.In this paper,the stochastic frontier gravity model is used to predict the import and export efficiency of different categories of goods between China and the United States on the basis of analyzing the influencing factors of China's import and export efficiency.Our findings show that the trade efficiency of China's goods exports to the United States tends to rise first and then decline,the trade efficiency of the import trade of goods tends to rise,and the trade efficiency of goods exports is greater than that of goods imports.The trade efficiency of China's imports and exports of different categories of goods to the United States is quite different.It indicates that China and the United States should establish a closer mechanism of mutual trust and exchange,and that China should continue to expand the scale of the imports of American goods based on domestic market demand and optimize the structure of the exports to the United States.

关 键 词：中美货物贸易 货物进出口 商品结构 贸易效率 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易]