关中地区矮砧密植苹果园草种组合方案筛选  

Combination schemes of grass species in high density dwarf rootstock apple orchard in Guanzhong area

作　　者：邰建辉 杨江山 毛培春 张楠 彭伟东 郑明利 孟林 TAI Jianhui;YANG Jiangshan;MAO Peichun;ZHANG Nan;PENG Weidong;ZHENG Mingli;MENG Lin(Beijing Best Grass Industry Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100025,China;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Xi’an BeeLoo Landscape Design Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]北京百斯特草业有限公司,北京100025 [2]北京市农林科学院,北京100097 [3]西安百绿景观设计有限责任公司,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第6期1133-1139,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0502105);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017ZDXM-NY-080)。

摘　　要：矮砧密植苹果种植技术的推广普及,为果园生草技术提供了广阔市场空间,同时也对规范化和标准化果园生草技术的应用提出了更高要求,一般单播草种难以满足矮砧密植苹果园现代化管理的要求。为此,在关中地区矮砧密植苹果园对5个不同草种组合方案的生长特性进行比较评价,旨在筛选出适宜的草种组合方案。结果表明,70%苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)+20%草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)+10%多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)组合方案不仅出苗较快、绿期较长,而且草地平整度极好,非常符合矮砧密植苹果园生产机械作业的要求;30%苇状羊茅+30%多年生黑麦草+20%鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)+20%草地早熟禾组合方案出苗快、再生性好、绿期中等、持久性好,符合果园人工管理的要求,是关中地区矮砧密植苹果园生草较理想的组合方案;50%白三叶(Trifolium repens)+20%鸭茅+30%多年生黑麦草组合方案,草地种群中白三叶占比逐年增加,到建植第3年占比超过50%,持久性好,亦可刈割后制作青贮或青饲家畜,也是关中地区矮砧密植苹果园生草较理想的组合方案之一。The popularization of high-density dwarf rootstock apple planting technology provides a good development opportunity for its application to orchard grass technology.However,it simultaneously is associated with higher requirements for the standardization of orchard grass technology application.Generally,it is difficult,using single-seeded grass species,to meet the requirements for modern management in apple orchards.In this experiment,the growth characteristics of five different combination schemes of grass species were compared and evaluated in a high-density dwarf rootstock apple orchard in Guanzhong area.The combination scheme of tall fescue(70%)+kentucky bluegrass(20%)+perennial ryegrass(10%)not only had faster seedling emergence and a longer green period,but also had excellent flatness,which was highly suitable for mechanical operation.The combination scheme of tall fescue(30%)+perennial ryegrass(30%)+cocksfoot(20%)+kentucky bluegrass(20%)had fast seedling emergence,good reproducibility,a medium green period,and good persistence.This scheme satisfied the requirements for artificial management,and was also an ideal combination scheme in Guanzhong area.The combination scheme of white clover(50%)+cocksfoot(20%)+perennial ryegrass(30%)had good persistence and increased the proportion of white clover in the grassland population year by year,with the proportion increasing to more than 50%in the third year.The grass can be used for silage or forage feeding livestock after mowing,which also makes this an ideal combination scheme in Guanzhong area.

关 键 词：果园生草 矮砧密植苹果园 草种组合 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]