论标准必要专利拒绝许可行为的规制——兼谈《专利法》第48条第2款强制许可的适用  

The Regulations of Refusing to Permit Standard Essential Patents—Application of Compulsory Licensing under Paragraph 2 in Article 48 of The Patent Law

作　　者：罗蓉蓉[1] LUO Rong-rong(Law School of Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学法学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《时代法学》2020年第3期53-60,共8页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学研究基金“对美贸易企业防范专利主张实体诉讼的策略研究”(项目编号:16YBA261);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目“标准必要专利垄断风险的防范对策研究”(项目编号:17B167)的阶段性成果;湖南师范大学“双一流”学科建设项目资助。

摘　　要：拒绝许可行为已成为标准必要专利权人提高许可费谈判地位的重要筹码,其结果可能限制市场有序竞争和阻碍标准顺利实施。反垄断法规制侧重于垄断行为的认定并给予处罚,专利权人最终是否愿意授权仍不可知。《中华人民共和国专利法》(以下简称《专利法》)第48条第2款规定的反垄断强制许可,能有效弥补反垄断救济的不足。鉴于我国反垄断法中拒绝许可垄断认定的标准不够清晰,《专利法》第48条第2款可适用性不强,首先需要以“必要设施理论”为基础,确立标准必要专利拒绝许可构成垄断违法的判定标准;其次探讨对拒绝许可垄断行为适用强制许可的具体机制,建议通过构建反垄断违法认定主体与强制许可授权机构的联动机制、强化强制许可对国外专利权人的适用、探索标准必要专利许可费的仲裁机制,建立规制标准必要专利权人拒绝许可行为的理想模式。Refusing to give permission of standard essential patents had become powerful bargaining chip for Standard necessary patentee to improving the status of license fee negotiation,which may limit orderly competition in the market and hinder the smooth implementation of standards.Anti-monopoly regulation focuses on the identification of monopoly behaviors and giving punishment,Whether the patentee is ultimately willing to license patent is unknowable.Compulsory licensing against monopoly behaviors under in Article 48,paragraph 2 of the patent law,can effectively make up for the deficiency of anti-monopoly relief.In view of the identification standards of composition of malfeasance for refusing permission are unclear,the application of Article 48,paragraph 2 is weak,therefor on the basis of the“necessary facilities theory”,the criterions to judging the refusal of a license for a standard essential patent constitutes a monopoly violation should be established.Then how to apply compulsory license to refusal monopoly should be studied,by means of establishing a linkage mechanism between anti-monopoly illegal recognition and compulsory licensing,strengthening the application of compulsory license to foreign patentees,exploring an arbitration mechanism for the standard necessary patent license fees,an ideal mode for regulating the necessary patentee s refusal of license would be established.

关 键 词：标准必要专利 拒绝许可 反垄断规制 强制许可 

分 类 号：DF523.2[政治法律—民商法学]