2016-2018年济南市涉禽环境禽流感病毒监测与分析  

Monitoring and analysis of avian influenza virus in Jinan from 2016 to 2018

作　　者：赵红[1] 于秋燕 赵宝添 赵怀龙[1] 吕燕[1] 丁小满 杨国樑[1] ZHAO Hong;YU Qiu-yan;ZHAO Bao-tian;ZHAO Huai-long;LV Yan;DING Xiao-man;YANG Guo-liang(Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan Shandong 250021,China)

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第12期2147-2150,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2016WS0115)。

摘　　要：目的了解济南地区涉禽环境中禽流感病毒及其亚型分布和流行特征,为济南地区禽流感疫情防控提供科学依据。方法采集2016-2018年济南市涉禽外环境样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测禽流感病毒核酸,使用Epi Info软件进行数据分析。结果2016-2018年济南市禽流感外环境共采集3837份样本。FluA检出阳性率为11.13%,其中H5.H7.H9亚型禽流感阳性率分别为3.18%、0.76%、8.55%;活禽农贸市场、大型家禽养殖场、集中散养户FluA阳性检出率分别为15.08%、2.81%、1.84%;案板涂抹物、清洗禽类污水、禽类饮用水、笼具涂抹物、禽类粪便中FluA阳性检出率分别为17.49%、14.53%、13.92%、9.83%、7.17%;济南市中心城区和非中心城区检出FluA阳性检出率分别为14.50%和5.23%;济南市不同月份FluA阳性检出率分别为1-3月17.69%、4-6月11.10%、7-9月5.52%、10-12月10.55%。不同流感病毒亚型、监测场所、样本类型、地区间和季节月份的样本FluA阳性检出率差异均具有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为278.243、114.031、38.682、62.440、56.147;均P<0.001)。结论济南地区外环境中禽流感病毒以H9亚型为主;活禽农贸市场依然是感染禽流感的危险场所;加强秋冬季济南市中心城区活禽农贸市场的消毒力度和卫生管理,以降低人群感染的风险。Objective The aim of this study was to understand the distribution and epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza virus and its subtypes in wading birds in Jinan,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Jinan.Methods External environment samples of wading birds in Jinan city from 2016 to 2018 were collected.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus,and Epi Info was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results A total of 3,837 samples were collected from the avian influenza environment in Jinan from 2016 to 2018.The total Flu A positive rate was 11.13%,among which the positive rates of H5,H7 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza were 3.18%,0.76%and 8.55%,respectively.Flu A positive rates in live poultry farmers markets,large poultry farms and concentrated free-range farmers were 15.08%,2.81%and 1.84%,respectively.The Flu A positive rates of smears in cutting board,poultry sewage,poultry drinking water,cage smear and poultry feces were 17.49%,14.53%,13.92%,9.83%and 7.17%,respectively.Flu A positive rates in central and non-central areas of Jinan were 14.50%and 5.23%,respectively.Flu A positive rates in different months in Jinan were 17.69%from January to march,11.10%from April to June,5.52%from July to September,and 10.55%from October to December,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in Flu A positive rates among samples from different influenza virus subtypes,monitoring sites,sample types,regions and seasonal months(χ^2 values were 278.243,114.031,38.682,62.440 and 56.147,respectively.All P values were<0.001).Conclusion The avian influenza virus in the environment outside Jinan was mainly subtype H9.Live poultry farmers'markets remained a risk for avian influenza.In order to reduce the risk of human infection,the disinfection and hygiene management of live poultry farmers'market in central Jinan city in autumn and winter should be strengthened.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 环境监测 实时荧光定量PCR 病毒性检测 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]