管理艺术与边疆稳定——以明清时期土司官族科举入仕为研究中心  

Management Art and Frontier Stability——A Research on the Tusi Officials Enrollment of Imperial Examination during Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：马国君 Ma Guojun

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院

出　　处：《中国文化与管理》2020年第1期86-96,212,共12页Chinese Culture and Management

基　　金：国家社科基金课题“明清时期西南改土归流地区的乡贤研究”(课题号:18XZS029)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：科举制度、土司制度是我国历史上两类不同性质的政治制度,一类是中央王朝依据汉族地区固有文教系统推行的人才选拔制度,一类是元明清时期按照边疆民族地区特殊礼俗实行的民族制度,规定土司为朝廷命官,按照法律承袭,代理国家对当地实施统治。明清时期,随着朝廷在土司区经营的深入,规定土司子弟,悉令入学,使得土司官族努力向学,通过科举进而中试后,进入流官体系或承袭土司者,一定程度上实现了土司制度与科举制度的软性整合,推进土司制度朝着国家统一的流官制度合理转型,这对于地方社会稳定、经济发展、文化交流发挥了积极作用。基于此,展开土司官族科举入仕研究,对于揭示土司、土司制度与科举制度的关联性问题,可以提供历史参考。Imperial examination system and Tusi system are two different kinds of political systems in our history.One is the talent selection system implemented by the central dynasty according the inherent cultural and educational system in Han regions;the other is the ethnic system implemented in Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties based on the special etiquette and customs in the frontier minority areas,which appoints Tusi as the officials of the court to rule the local area on behalf of the state,which can be inherited according to the law.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the further operation of the court in Tusi area,the children of Tusi are prescribed to enter school,which makes Tusi officials study hard.After passing the imperial examination,they enter the local government or inherite the position of Tusi,which to a certain extent,realize the soft integration of Tusi system and imperial examination system,and promote the rational transformation from Tusi system toward the national unified official system,which plays a positive role for the local stability,economic development and cultural exchanges.Therefore,the study of Tusi official s enrollment of imperial examination can provide a historical reference for revealing the relationship between the Tusi,Tusi system and imperial examination system.

关 键 词：土司制度 土司官族 科举制度 科举入仕 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]