论《尚书》“德治观”之政治向度  

A Discussion on the Political Dimension of“Ruling by Virtue”in Shangshu

作　　者：张亚娟 Zhang Yajuan

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院

出　　处：《中国文化与管理》2020年第1期107-119,212,213,共15页Chinese Culture and Management

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(项目编号:16YJC630144)和上海高峰高原学科建设项目研究成果。

摘　　要：“德治观”思想是中国古代法治理念的重要内容,是先秦理性精神同治国实践相互作用的时代产物。《尚书》内涵的“德治”思想中,“尚德”与“典刑”相互促进,并朝着“德主刑辅”的态势发展,由此而形成了以德、法互为支持、互相补充的治国之道,展示了中国管理文化独特的人文魅力和哲思光辉,为现今的国家治理,社会发展及人文管理提供了经验及智能;以“德治观”为方法论实践的治国方略,利用内德教化与外法约束,从家到国逐渐辐射,维持国家及社会秩序的正常化、有序化和礼法化,形成良好的社会效应。《尚书》“德治”思想不仅反映了夏商周三代最早的治国哲思,而且展示了法治、德治思想在国家政治生活中的重要作用,同时发掘出其中包蕴的德、法并举的时代精神,亦能为新时代中国特色社会主义建设和国家管理提供思想智慧。The idea of“ruling by virtue”is an important content in the concept of ruling by law in ancient China and the product of the interaction between the rational spirit of the pre-Qin Dynasty and the practice of governing the country.In the thought of“ruling by virtue”in Shangshu,virtue and penalty promote each other,and develop towards the trend of“virtue given priority over penalty”,thus forming a way of governance supported and complemented by both virtue and law,showing the unique humanistic charm and philosophical brilliance of Chinese management culture,and providing experience and wisdom for current national governance,social development and humanistic management;the“ruling by virtue”,as the strategy of governing the country,can make use of internal moral education and external law constraints,gradually radiate from home to the country,maintain the normalization and etiquette of the national and social order,and thus form a good social effect.The thought of“ruling by virtue”in Shangshu not only reflects the earliest philosophy of governing the country in Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,but also shows the important role of the thought of“ruling by law”and“ruling by virtue”in the political life of the country.At the same time,it explores the current spirit of both morality and law,which can also provide ideological wisdom for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and national management in the new era.

关 键 词：《尚书》 国家治理 “德治观” 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]