有机钾与化学钾肥配施对黔中马铃薯产量、品质及钾素平衡的影响  

Effects of chemical potassium fertilizer and straw returning to field on potato yield,quality and nutrient absorption in Guizhou province

作　　者：胡岗[1] 赵欢[1] 秦松[1] 肖厚军[1] HU Gang;ZHAO Huan;QIN Song;XIAO Hou-jun(Institute of Soil Fertilizer/Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料/农业资源与环境研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第3期55-62,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“贵州地区钾肥高效利用与替代技术研究”(201203013-5-2)。

摘　　要：为探究秸秆钾与化学钾肥配施对黔中地区马铃薯产量、品质及土壤钾平衡的影响,为黔中地区秸秆钾和钾肥资源合理利用提供科学依据。以马铃薯宣薯2号为供试作物,设置不施钾肥(NP)、化学钾肥(NPK)、秸秆钾肥(S)、化学钾肥+秸秆钾肥(NPKS)、高量化学钾肥(NPK1)5个处理,研究秸秆钾与化肥钾对马铃薯产量、品质及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明:在氮、磷养分满足的条件下,单施化学钾肥与秸秆钾、秸秆钾与化学钾肥配施,较NP均有明显增产效应,表现为NPKS>NPK1>NPK>S>NP,秸秆钾与化学钾肥配施增产效果最好,随着种植年限增长年度间产量变异系数变小,有利于稳产;养分吸收量与品质(淀粉、Vc含量)均随着钾素的增加逐渐增加,但还原糖、硝酸盐含量却随着钾素增加而逐渐降低;无论高、低钾素条件下,化学钾肥与秸秆钾对养分吸收量与品质影响都呈相似的趋势,仅钾吸收量、Vc含量达到差异显著水平。土壤钾素表观盈亏来看,土壤钾素含量为129.2 kg/hm2时能满足马铃薯生长所需。因此,高钾情况下土壤钾素处于盈余状态,NPKS、NPK1、NPK、S处理的钾素表观平衡系数分别为1.36、1.51、0.65、0.63。综上所述,在施用充足氮、磷肥的基础上,秸秆钾与化学钾肥配施(施钾量225 kg/hm^2)显著增加马铃薯产量、养分吸收和品质的同时,有利于钾素的收支平衡,减轻马铃薯对土壤钾素的耗竭,可维持土壤钾素肥力的稳定,也减少因气候因素等影响引起的产量变异,提高了产量的稳定性。In order to explore the effects of straw potassium combined with chemical potassium on potato yield,quality and soil potassium balance in central Guizhou,and provide scientific basis for rational utilization of straw and potassium fertilizer resources in central Guizhou,using potato Xuanshu No.2 as the test crop,five treatments were set up:no potassium fertilizer(NP),chemical potassium fertilizer(NPK),straw potassium fertilizer(S),chemical potassium fertilizer+straw potassium fertilizer(NPKS),chemical potassium fertilizer(NPK1).The results showed that under the conditions with sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients,chemical potassium combined with straw potassium,straw potassium and chemical potassium had obvious effect on yield compared with(NP),which was NPKS>NPK1>NPK>S>NP,and the effect of combined application of straw potassium and chemical potassium fertilizer was the best.With the increase of planting years,the coefficient of variation of yield between years was slight,which was conducive to stable yield.The starch and Vc content increased with potassium content,but the content of raw sugar and nitrate decreased.The treatment of chemical potassium fertilizer and straw potassium had similar trend in nutrient uptake and quality under high and low potassium conditions,while potassium uptake and Vc content had significant difference.The apparent profit and loss of soil potassium showed that the potato growth could be satisfied when the soil potassium content was 129.2 kg/hm2.Therefore,under the condition of high potassium,the apparent equilibrium coefficients of potassium in NPKS,NPK1,NPK and S treatments were 1.36,1.51,0.65 and 0.63,respectively.In summary,on the basis of adequate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,the combination of straw potassium and chemical potassium fertilizer(225 kg/hm^2)significantly increased potato yield,quality and nutrient uptake.It was conducive to the balance of soil potassium,reduced potato depletion of soil potassium,and maintained the stability of soil po

关 键 词：马铃薯产量 钾素 品质 养分吸收 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]