秸秆还田和耕作方式对花生土壤微生物量、酶活性和产量的影响  

Effects of straw returning and tillage methods on soil microbial biomass,enzyme activity and yield of peanut

作　　者：赵雪淞[1] 宋王芳 高欣[1] 杨晨曦 于洪波 王冬旭 ZHAO Xue-song;SONG Wang-fang;GAO Xin;YANG Chen-xi;YU Hong-bo;WANG Dong-xu(Liaoning Project Technology University,Fuxin Liaoning 123000;Liaoning Institute of Sandstorm Land Improvement and Utilization,Fuxin Liaoning 123000)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁省风沙地改良利用研究所,辽宁阜新123000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第3期126-132,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：特色粮油新品种选育及优质高效生产技术集成与示范(花生)省科技厅项目(2017108006)。

摘　　要：通过两年的田间小区定位试验,研究免耕无秸秆还田(RN)、常规翻耕无秸秆还田(RS)、垄耕无秸秆还田(RD)、免耕秸秆还田(TN)、常规翻耕秸秆还田(TS)、垄耕秸秆还田(TD)6种耕作方式对科尔沁风沙地花生耕层土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性和产量的影响,探究适合辽西风沙半干旱条件下花生高产的耕作方式。结果表明:相同耕作条件下秸秆还田处理组土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量和土壤酶活性均高于无秸秆还田处理组,秸秆还田能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量和酶活性;在相同秸秆还田处理条件下,与常规耕作和垄耕处理相比,免耕处理能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量和土壤酶活性;免耕秸秆还田处理下,花生产量高出未还田处理4.32%。综上,免耕秸秆还田处理能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷含量和土壤酶活性,提高耕层土壤生物学肥力,促进作物增产。Through two years of field site-specific experiment,the effects of straw returning and tillage methods on soil microbial biomass,soil enzyme activity and yield of peanut plough layer in Horqin wind-sand field were studied to explore the cultivation methods suitable for high yield of peanut under semi-arid condition of wind and sand in western Liaoning.Six treatments were set up:no-tillage,no straw returning(RN),conventional ploughing and no straw returning(RS),ridge no straw returning(RD),no-till straw returning(TN),conventional conversion straw to field(TS),ridge straw returning to field(TD).The results showed that soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus content and soil enzyme activity in straw returning treatments were higher than those without straw returning treatments under the same tillage conditions,which indicated that straw returning significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus content and enzyme activity.Under the same straw returning condition,compared with conventional tillage and ridge ploughing treatment,no-tillage treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus content and soil enzyme activity.Under no-tillage straw returning treatment,peanut yield was 4.32%higher than that of without straw returning treatment.In summary,no-tillage straw returning treatment can significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus content and soil enzyme activity,improve the biological fertility of ploughing soil,and promote crop yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作方式 花生 土壤微生物量 土壤酶活性 作物产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S154