鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)洞穴堆积体对草地沙化的影响及防治  

Impact of plateau pika burrow mounds on grassland desertification and control measures

作　　者：冯筱 屈建军 范庆斌 谭立海 Feng Xiao;Qu Jianjun;Fan Qingbin;Tan Lihai(Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Research Station/Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠研究站/中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第3期168-176,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0504804);中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科研(软件)项目(19-10-01)

摘　　要：通过调查草地不同沙化梯度下土壤、植被、输沙量及鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)洞穴沙质堆积体特征,分析了堆积体对沙质草地沙化特征的影响。通过在鼠害最严重的区域布设植物纤维网沙障探讨沙障防治鼠害的效果。结果表明:随着草地沙化程度的增加,土壤严重贫瘠化,植被明显稀疏低矮化,输沙量显著增加。植被的存在降低了近地表输沙量,使得最大输沙量高度上移。中度沙化地鼠兔洞穴堆积体和周围地表土壤理化性相比差异不显著,并且对土壤风蚀的影响很小。随着草地沙化程度的增加,并在重度沙化之前,鼠兔洞穴堆积体数量和面积均随之增加,重度和极重度沙化草地上洞穴堆积体分布极少。在中度沙化地上布设的植物纤维网沙障在一定程度上可有效防治鼠害并促进植被的恢复。In this study,we analyzed the impact of pika burrow mounds on characteristics of sandy grassland desertification by investigating features of soil,vegetation,sand flux and pika burrow mounds in the grasslands with different desertification degrees.Sand barriers made up of plant fibers were taken in the area with the largest pika number,in order to discuss the effectiveness of the control measure to reduce the number of pika.The results indicated that with increasing desertification degrees,soil properties were deteriorated,vegetation coverage was reduced,plant height was lower,and sand flux increased obviously.Vegetation made a lower sand flux near the ground surface,and resulted in a higher position of the largest sand flux.The difference of selected soil properties between the pika burrow mounds and the adjacent ground surface was not significant,and the impact of pika burrow mounds on wind erosion was little.With increasing desertification degrees until medium,the number and area of the pika burrow mounds increased,however,few mounds were found in the extremely severely and severely desertified grassland,indicating that pika number was the most in the medium desertified grassland.The control measure of sand barriers made up of plant fibers was effective to reduce the number of pika and facilitate vegetation recovery to some extent in the medium desertified grassland.

关 键 词：输沙量 土壤理化性质 植物纤维网沙障 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]