法国疫苗接种损害因果关系的司法认定及其启示  

The Judicial Identification of Causal Link Between Its Vaccination and Damage in France and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：唐冉 房绍坤[1,2] Tang Ran;Fang Shaokun

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,长春130012 [2]吉林大学财产法研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《中州学刊》2020年第5期53-60,共8页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家“万人计划”哲学社会科学领军人才自选课题“中国民法典的编纂与实施问题研究”。

摘　　要：疫苗接种损害因果关系的认定需要医学研究提供证明,认定障碍主要在于证据的科学不确定性问题。为解决这一问题,法国法院通过乙肝疫苗接种损害判例,确立了无科学证据证伪时结合事实要素推定存在因果关系的因果关系认定方式,推定结论可以适当超越科学研究水平,但并不必然导致对疫苗接种单位和疫苗生产商的苛责。这种因果关系推定方式关注特殊因果关系的认定,其中民事推定与行政推定在因果关系的认定标准和举证责任分配上略有不同。借鉴法国的司法经验,我国司法实践中对疫苗接种损害因果关系的认定,可以采取有利于受种者、适当放宽认定标准并缓和受种者举证责任的方式。The identification of the causality between the vaccination and the damage needs medical research to provide proof,and the main obstacle lies in the scientific uncertainty of the evidence.In order to solve this problem,the French court established a causal relationship determination method based on the fact that there is causal relationship when there is no scientific evidence for falsification,which can appropriately exceed the level of scientific research,but it does not necessarily lead to severe liability to vaccination units and vaccine manufacturers.This presumption of causality focuses on the identification of special causality,in which civil presumption and administrative presumption are slightly different in the identification standards of causality and the distribution of burden of proof.Based on the French judicial experience,the way of determining the causality of vaccination damage in China′s judicial practice can be taken to benefit the recipients,appropriately relax the recognition standards and ease the burden of proof of the recipients.

关 键 词：科学不确定性 疫苗接种损害 因果关系 司法推定 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]