纵向分离能否提高企业全要素生产率?——基于电力产业“厂网分开”的研究  

Does Vertical Separation Improve the TFP of Enterprises? An Analysis Based on Separation of Plant and Network in Electric Power Industry

作　　者：庞雨蒙 刘震 姜俊艳 PANG Yumeng;LIU Zheng;JIANG Junyan(Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210046;Shandong University,Weihai 264209;Shandong University,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学财政与税务学院,江苏南京210046 [2]山东大学商学院,山东威海264209 [3]山东大学经济学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《首都经济贸易大学学报》2020年第3期68-78,共11页Journal of Capital University of Economics and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国体育产业供给侧结构性改革中的打破行政垄断研究”(17BTY059);江苏省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“高质量发展目标下江苏工业绿色转型效率的测度和提升路径研究”(19EYC001)。

摘　　要：中国电力行业一直延续纵向分离的改革路径,继发电环节从一体化垄断结构中分离之后,2015年新一轮的电力体制改革又提出输配售电业务分离、推进电力市场化交易的目标。不同纵向结构下,电力产业链上下游企业的博弈均衡显示纵向分离改革可提高上游发电环节的竞争性,减少效率损失。进一步基于微观发电企业数据,通过双重差分及倾向得分匹配模型考察"厂网分开"这一准自然实验的效果,研究结果显示,纵向分离改革显著提升了发电企业的效率。现阶段应继续推进输配售分离改革,通过供给侧和需求侧的互动响应使上游发电环节的效率收益纵向传递,提高消费者福利。China’s power industry reform has continued the path of vertical separation,following the separation of power generation sector from the integrated monopoly structure,the new round of electric power system reform which started in 2015 also put forward the goal of separating the transmission,distribution and retail sector in order to promote the market transaction.Under the different vertical structure,the game equilibrium of the upstream and downstream enterprises of the electric power industry shows that vertical separation can improve the competitiveness of the power generation market and reduce the efficiency loss.Further,the thermal and hydro power enterprise data are used to analyze the effect of a natural experiment,the"factory-network separation"reform,through difference to difference and propensity score matching model,it is found that the vertical separation reform significantly improves the efficiency of power generation enterprises.Therefore,the separation reform of transmission,distribution and retail sector should be promoted to ensure that the upstream efficiency gains can be vertically transmitted and improve consumer welfare through supply side and demand side interactions.

关 键 词：纵向分离 电力行业改革 发电企业效率 全要素生产率 准自然实验 反垄断 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F49