基于多种源解析技术的合肥市环境空气PM2.5来源解析  

Study on source apportionment of PM2.5 in Hefei City based on multiple technologies

作　　者：耿天召[1] 朱余[1] 魏帧 童欢欢 唐晓菲[1] 史国良[3] GENG Tianzhao;ZHU Yu;WEI Zhen;TONG Huanhuan;TANG Xiaofei;SHI Guoliang(Anhui Environmental Monitoring Center, Hefei 230071, China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省环境监测中心站,安徽合肥230071 [2]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [3]南开大学,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期830-838,共9页Journal of Hefei University of Technology：Natural Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAC22B06);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0213800)。

摘　　要：文章综合运用多种源解析技术针对合肥市颗粒物来源进行研究。以化学质量平衡(chemical mass balance,CMB)模型和化学质量平衡嵌套迭代(chemical mass balance-iteration,CMB-Iteration)模型为主解析一次排放源和二次源(包括硫酸盐、硝酸盐、二次有机物等,简称“二次源”)对PM2.5的贡献,将排放源清单法和CMB模型结果相结合解析二次粒子前体物排放源的贡献,采用空气质量模型评估区域影响的贡献,按照行业排放清单,综合得到燃煤、工业生产、机动车及其他源类对PM2.5的贡献,并运用正定矩阵因子法(positive matrix factorization,PMF)进行源类识别。研究结果显示:合肥市全年PM2.5中主要组分占比由高到低依次为SO42-、NO3-、有机碳(organic carbon,OC)、NH4+、元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)、Si、Ca、Al、Fe,SO42-占比最高(20.50%),碳组分(OC+EC)次之(19.59%),NO3-居于第3位(16.45%);采样期间PM2.5的全年本地各源类分担率从大到小依次为燃煤尘(21.7%)、二次硫酸盐(18.0%)、二次硝酸盐(16.7%)、城市扬尘(16.6%)、其他(12.6%)、机动车尾气尘(11.0%)、建筑尘(2.3%)、钢铁尘(1.1%,此处仅为钢铁制造工艺排放的贡献)。PM2.5本地来源综合源解析结果显示,机动车尾气尘占比为16.0%、工业生产(指工业锅炉与窑炉、生产工艺过程等排放)为31.0%、燃煤尘(指电厂燃煤、居民散烧等)为21.5%、扬尘(指裸露表面、建筑施工、道路扬尘、土壤风沙等排放)为18.9%、其他(指生物质燃烧、餐饮、农业生产等排放)为12.6%。PMF模型解析结果显示,PM2.5中的二次源(指二次硫酸盐和二次硝酸盐)、燃煤尘、机动车尾气尘及地壳尘等4个因子占比达到了96.3%。Taking Hefei City as the research object,chemical mass balance(CMB)model and chemical mass balance-iteration(CMB-Iteration)model were used to analyze the contribution of primary and secondary sources(including sulfate,nitrate,secondary organic matter,etc.,referred to as secondary sources)to PM2.5,and the contribution of precursor of secondary particles was analyzed by the source inventory method combined with the CMB model.The contribution of regional impact was assessed by air quality model,the contribution of coal,industrial production,motor vehicle and other sources to PM2.5 was comprehensively obtained according to the industrial emissions inventory,and the positive matrix factorization(PMF)model was used for source identification.The results showed that the main components of PM2.5 in Hefei City were SO42-,NO3-,organic carbon(OC),NH4+,elemental carbon(EC),Si,Ca,Al,Fe,and SO42-was the maximum content(20.50%),carbonaceous components(OC+EC)followed(19.59%)and NO3-ranked third(16.45%).During the sampling period,the annual share of local sources of PM2.5 in descending order was as followed:coal dust(21.7%),secondary sulfate(18.0%),secondary nitrate(16.7%),urban dust(16.6%),others(12.6%),motor vehicle exhaust dust(11.0%),construction dust(2.3%),steel dust(1.1%,only the contribution of steel manufacturing process emissions).The results of comprehensive source apportionment of PM2.5 local source showed that motor vehicle emissions counted 16.0%,industrial production(industrial boilers and furnaces,production process and other emissions)counted 31.0%,civil coal(power plant coal,residential burn,etc.)counted 21.5%,dust(naked surface,construction,road dust,soil sand and other emissions)counted 18.9%,and others(biomass burning,catering,agricultural production,etc.)counted 12.6%.The PMF model apportionment results showed that the content of secondary sources(secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate),coal dust,motor vehicle dust and crustal dust in PM2.5 reached 96.3%.

关 键 词：PM2.5来源解析 化学质量平衡(CMB)模型 化学质量平衡嵌套迭代(CMB-Iteration)模型 正定矩阵因子法(PMF) 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]