化学杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾毒力的生物测定方法比较  

Comparison of bioassay methods for the toxicities of chemical insecticides against Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

作　　者：吕圣兰 王有兵 谷少华 梁沛[1] 张雷 高希武[1] LüSheng-Lan;WANG You-Bing;GU Shao-Hua;LIANG Pei;ZHANG Lei;GAO Xi-Wu(Department of Entomology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193 China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学昆虫学系,北京100193

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2020年第5期590-596,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家大麦青稞产业技术体系(CARS-05-03A-02)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确评估不同类型化学杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫毒力的重复性最好且最方便的生物测定方法。【方法】在室内分别采用点滴法、饲料混药法和叶片药膜法比较了不同类型的7种化学杀虫剂(氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈和虱螨脲)对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力。【结果】以点滴法进行测定,7种化学杀虫剂中对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力最大的是甲维盐,处理后24 h的LD50为0.375μg/g;毒力最小的是虱螨脲,处理后72 h的LD50为261.107μg/g。以饲料混药法进行测定,乙基多杀菌素对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力最大,乙酰甲胺磷的毒力最低,处理后24 h的LC50分别为0.061和9 426.217μg/g。以叶片药膜法进行测定,毒力最大的是甲维盐,最小的是高效氯氟氰菊酯,处理后24 h的LC50分别为0.062和471.343 mg/L。对3种生物测定方法的数据进行分析,点滴法的χ^2值最小,P值最大;同时,相比于饲料混药法,点滴法和叶片药膜法测定中草地贪夜蛾种群遗传一致性较好。【结论】除虱螨脲外,测定的其余6种杀虫剂(氯虫苯甲酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、乙基多杀菌素、虫螨腈)对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的最适用的生物测定方法是点滴法。相比于饲料混药法和叶片药膜法,点滴法不仅能较准确地反映种群整体在遗传学上的纯度,同时在生物测定结果的重复性上也是最好的。虱螨脲推荐使用的生物测定方法是以胃毒为主的饲料混药法和叶片药膜法。【Aim】This study aims to identify the most repeatable and convenient bioassay method to assess the toxicities of chemical insecticides of different types against larvae of the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda.【Methods】The toxicities of seven insecticides of different types(chlorantraniliprole,emamectin benzoate,acephate,lambda-cyhalothrin,spinetoram,chlorfenuron and lufenuron)against the 3rd instar larvae of S.frugiperda were detected with topical application method,diet incorporation method and leaf dipping method,respectively.【Results】Detected with topical application method,emamectin benzoate showed the highest toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae of S.frugiperda among the seven insecticides,with the LD 50 value of 0.375μg/g at 24 h after treatment,and lufenuron showed the lowest toxicity,with the LD 50 value of 261.107μg/g at 72 h after treatment.Detected with diet incorporation method,emamectin benzoat showed the highest toxicity and acephate showed the lowest toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae of S.frugiperda,with their LC 50 values of 0.061 and 9426.217μg/g,respectively,at 24 h after treatment.Detected with leaf dipping method,emamectin benzoate showed the highest toxicity and lambda-cyhalothrin showed the lowest toxicity to S.frugiperda larvae,with their LC 50 values of 0.062 and 471.343 mg/L,respectively,at 24 h after treatment.The bioassay data obtained in topical application method had the smallest chi-square value and the largest P-value.At the same time,S.frugiperda populations showed higher genetic consistency in topical application method and leaf dipping method than in diet incorporation method.【Conclusion】Topical application method is the optimal bioassay method for all the tested insecticides except for lufenuron,including chlorantraniliprole,emamectin benzoate,acephate,lambda-cyhalothrin,spinetoram,and chlorfenuron.Compared with diet incorporation method and leaf dipping method,topical application method can not only accurately reflect the genetic purity of S.frugiperda populat

关 键 词：草地贪夜蛾 杀虫剂 毒力 点滴法 饲料混药法 叶片药膜法 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]