历史学与心理分析--表现危机的学问  

History and Psychoanalysis:Towards a Crisis of Representation

作　　者：赖国栋[1] LAI Guo-dong

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史学系,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第3期182-190,192,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“20世纪70年代以来法国史学的嬗变及其影响研究”(项目编号:19BSS004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从19世纪学科专业化开始,历史学与其他科学,例如与心理学在对待时间、因果关系和理解社会上的路数各有不同。从19世纪末泰纳开始运用心理分析的方法解释历史,到20世纪70年代以后历史学家在记忆研究中专注于集体心理,都可以发现他们从其所处的时代出发,在追溯历史的过程中塑造个人认同和民族国家认同。历史学和心理学都是解释事实的学问,在"现在"的时间框架和行动中探寻思想、情感赋予个体或文化的多重意义。好的分析和解释应该在历史文本的基础上,建构出行动者的目的及其行动的意义。历史学和心理学相似,都表达了时代、社会对个人的影响,因而表现了危机--"情节的突转"。无论是在古代,还是在数字化的今天,都应该将心理分析当作诠释过去时的重要工具。Since disciplinary specialization started in the 19 th century,the relationship between history and other sciences,such as psychology,has always been a research topic for many scholars.Notably,at the end of the 19 th century,H.Taine began to use psychoanalytic methods to explain history;and in the 1970 s,historians studying memory focused their attention on collective psychology.We can see that,historians,based on the era they lived in,sought to shape national and personal identity while tracing history.The application of analysis and representation in historical and psychological studies imply that such studies contain subjective elements such as pursuing the multi-layered meaning in individual and cultural thought and emotion.A good analysis and interpretation should,on the basis of historical texts,construct and represent the purpose of the action maker and the meaning of his actions.History and psychology are identical in that both reflect the influence of the times and society on individuals,thus representing a crisis-the sudden turning of the plot.The method of psychoanalysis,no matter in ancient times or today’s digital age,should not be ignored in historical studies.

关 键 词：心理分析 实证主义 文化记忆 历史表现 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]