成人普通话元音的声学分析  

Acoustic Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Vowels Produced by Young Adults

作　　者：王臻旎 陈旸 吴民华[3] 姚立群[4] 张伟明[5] WANG Zhenni;CHEN Yang;NG Manwa L.;YAO Liqun;ZHANG Weiming(Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital,Shanghai 200125,China;Duquesne University,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania PA15282,USA;Faculty of Education,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China;Nursing College,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Fuzhou,Fujian 350122,China;Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市瑞金康复医院,上海200125 [2]杜肯大学,美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡PA15282 [3]香港大学教育学院,中国香港999077 [4]福建中医药大学护理学院,福建福州350122 [5]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院,上海200025

出　　处：《康复学报》2020年第3期183-191,共9页Rehabilitation Medicine

基　　金：Supported by the Public Health Bureau of Shanghai Municipal Huangpu District(HKQ201808);the University Research Funding,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(X2017019)。

摘　　要：目的:声学分析是对语音的一种客观评估方法,能够相对简单、直观地检测元音的发音情况。普通话是一种声调语言,同一音段在不同的声调下产生不同的意义。先前的研究已经检测分析了母语为英语的美国成年人的元音发音特征。通过检测23~33岁中国青壮年人群普通话元音产生的共振峰频率来确定普通话元音4个声调的共振峰特性。方法:在安静的环境下,记录11名以普通话为母语的青壮年6个元音(/a/、/■/、/e/、/i/、/u/、/y/)的声学信号,并指示参与者使用舒适的声音响度和语速阅读所有的语音样本。其中语音样本是随机产生。同时,使用专业的声学分析系统(Multi-Speech,KayPentax,美国)对第一、第二共振峰(F1、F2)进行分析,声学检测系统使用时域波形和频域宽带声谱图(滤波器带宽=300 Hz)。结果:汉语元音/a/的F1均值最高,而汉语元音/i/的F1均值最低;汉语元音/i/的F2均值最高,而汉语元音/u/的F2值最低。汉语元音/■/和/e/在不同声调下,其F1和F2差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而/a/、/i/、/u/、/y/4个汉语元音在不同声调下的F1和F2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:建立普通话的元音三角形模型,其中以/i/、/u/、/a/为角元音,/■/和/e/为中间元音,形成了普通话6个核心元音的三角形模型。不同声调下,元音/■/和/e的/F1和F2有显著差异。当元音/■/发第一声调时,舌头在口腔的位置与其他3个声调相比更加前伸和下沉。当/e/发第二声调时,舌头在口腔的位置与第三声调相比更加向后收缩。Objectives:Acoustic analysis is a kind of objective assessment of speech-sound which can offer a relatively simple and visual way to examine production of a vowel.Mandarin Chinese is a tone language in which the same phonetic segment carries a different meaning when produced at different lexical tones.Previous studies have examined American English vowels produced by native adult speakers.The aim of the present study was to establish the vowel formant space by examining the formant frequencies associated with Mandarin vowels produced by Chinese young adults aged 23 to 33 years old and identify the characteristics of vowels in Mandarin Chinese at 4 different lexical tones.Methods:Acoustic signals of the six Mandarin vowels(/a/,/■/,/e/,/i/,/u/,/y/)produced by native young adult speakers of Mandarin Chinese(n=11)were recorded,and the participants were instructed to produce all the speech samples using a comfortable loudness level and speech rate.The speech samples were produced was randomly.The first two formants were analyzed by using a professional acoustic measurement system(Multi-Speech,KayPentax,USA).Multi-Speech provides a time-domain waveform and a frequency-domain wide-band spectrogram(filter bandwidth=300 Hz).Results:The results showed that,generally speaking,the vowel/a/exhibited the highest mean F1 value whereas vowel/i/had the lowest F1.The vowel/i/showed the highest F2 while/u/showed the lowest F2 value.The vowel of/■/and/e/with different four tones in F1 and F2 had significant differences(P<0.05).However,no significant differences(P>0.05)in F1 and F2 were observed in the other vowels across tones,like/a/,/i/,/u/,/y/.Conclusion:An acoustic vowel space was established in which/i/,/u/,and/a/were corner vowels,and/■/and/e/were found centrally,contributing to the generally triangular vowel space associated with these six core vowels of Mandarin Chinese.The investigation of the first two formant frequencies of vowels across tones shows significant differences were found in the vowels/■/and/e/with dif

关 键 词：普通话元音 共振峰频率 元音间距 声学分析 青壮年 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]