区域贸易协定数据本地化与例外问题研究  

On Legal Issues of Data Localization and Exceptions in RTAs

作　　者：郑玲丽[1] ZHENG Lingli

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2020年第4期85-96,共12页International Business Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2016年一般项目“TPP环境章节文本分析及我国法律对策研究”(项目编号:16BFX04);江苏高校优势学科建设项目(PPAD)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：跨境电子商务的数据本地化及隐私保护是当前国际贸易法领域新兴而未决的问题。欧盟法院和美国联邦最高法院裁决的两起数据隐私诉讼案,虽然没有直接创立数据本地化法律制度,但突出了美国和欧盟在数据隐私方面不可调和的不同做法,并排除了有效的跨境数据传输路径,使得数据本地化成为仅存的弹性解决方案。WTO电子商务谈判前景不明,而以CPTPP电子商务规则和USMCA数字贸易规则为代表的新生代区域贸易协定禁止数据本地化,禁止强制公开源代码,大有合围建构全球跨境电子商务规则的样板之势。未来示范性区域电子商务规范应基于数据类型,有效规范跨境数据流动及数据本地化措施,同时界定合法的公共政策例外,这是弥合跨境电子商务规则碎片化的举足轻重的区域法治现代化变革。Data Localization and privacy protection of cross-border e-commerce are emerging and unresolved issues nowadays in the field of international trade law.Although the two cases,Schrems I and Schrems II as well as United States v.Microsoft Corp.,did not directly create data localization regulations,they highlighted the irreconcilably different approaches of US and EU to data privacy,and eliminated effective solutions for cross-border data transfer,thus made data localization the only remaining elastic one.While the future of WTO e-commerce negotiation is unclear,the new RTAs represented by CPTPP e-commerce rules and USMCA Digital Trade rules prohibit Data Localization and forced disclosure of source code,which has potential to form a model of global cross-border E-commerce rules.Cross-border data flows and data localization measures should be effectively regulated based on data types effectively,while legal public policy exceptions being defined in the future model regional E-commerce norms.This is significant regional modernization of rule of law to bridge the fragmentation of cross-border E-commerce rules.

关 键 词：CPTPP USMCA 跨境电子商务 数据本地化 公共政策 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]