边际效用论与价值关系说“价值”概念比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Concept of“Value”between Marginal Utility Theory and Value Relation Theory

作　　者：冯瑀 FENG Yu(School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2019年第5期14-22,共9页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

摘　　要：需要理论是价值理论的基础和前提。边际效用论与价值关系说都从满足需要的角度来界定价值概念,但是,边际效用论认为价值的本质是价值主体对财货的一种评价、估价或判断;而价值关系说则将其理解为价值关系本身,一种关系的质态或客体对主体的意义、作用或效用。因为两种价值理论对需要的主客观性质有不同的理解,故它们对价值的性质也有主观论与客观论两种不同的观点。二者都以需要为判断价值有无的根据,认为客体满足主体需要就有价值,反之则无价值。在价值量方面,边际效用论立足于需要程度的分级,揭示出效用递减规律,明确提出“边际效用”概念以及边际效用决定边际价值量的基本原理。边际效用论对价值量的研究,值得国内价值学借鉴。Need theory is the foundation and premise of value theory.Both marginal utility theory and value relation theory define the concept of value from the perspective of satisfying needs.However,the theory of marginal utility thinks that the essence of value is the evaluation or judgment of the value subject on goods while the value relation theory regards it as the value relation itself,the quality of a relation or the meaning,function or utility of the object to the subject.Because the two value theories have different understandings on the subjective and objective nature of needs,they also have different views on the subjective and objective nature of values.Both of them take need as the basis to judge whether value exists or not.In terms of value quantity,the marginal utility theory is based on the classification of the degree of need,reveals the law of diminishing utility,and clearly puts forward the concept of“marginal utility”and the basic principle that marginal utility determines marginal value quantity.The study of the quantity of value by the marginal utility theory can provide a reference for domestic value studies.

关 键 词：需要 边际效用 价值 价值关系 满足需要论 

分 类 号：B018[哲学宗教—哲学理论]