16~19世纪西方汉学中汉语舌根鼻音[■]研究述论  

A Research Review of Western Sinologists’Understanding of Chinese Velar Nasal[■]in China from the 16th to 19th Century

作　　者：李长浩 方环海[1] LI Changhao;FANG Huanhai(Overseas Education College,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102 China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海外教育学院,中国厦门361102

出　　处：《海外华文教育》2020年第1期128-140,共13页Overseas Chinese Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“19世纪稀见英文期刊与汉语域外传播研究”(15BYY052);教育部人文社会科学规划项目“17~19世纪欧洲汉学视野中的汉语类型特征研究”(13YJAZH021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：立足于西方汉学视角,文章从历时和共时角度考察16至19世纪来华西方汉学家对汉语舌根鼻音[■]的认识。通过比较分析,揭示诸人认识的异同点并分析原因。结果发现汉学家对汉语舌根鼻音的描写与认识一定程度上反映了汉语自身发展变化情况,表现为影疑母字向零声母转化的倾向;由于传教活动或在华经历影响,地区性方言对一些汉学家的认识产生了一定影响。19世纪早期及之前汉学家的语音认识带有一些南方音特点;而19世纪中后期,如威妥玛、翟理斯等对北京话的描写和分析,反映出北京话影疑母字已经完成了向零声母的转化。当时北京音可能受到周边方音影响,所以威氏系统在语音标注上出现了零声母和ng两种形式;相较之下,翟理斯注音更为准确。Based on the perspective of Western sinology,the paper examines the sinologists’understanding of Chinese velar nasal[■]from the 16th to 19th century.Through comparative analysis,the paper reveals the similarities and differences between sinologists in their understanding and tries to explain the reasons.The results show that,to some extent,their descriptions and understandings of Chinese velar nasal[■]reflect the development and change of Chinese,which presents the tendency the conversion from ying initial(影母)and yi initial(疑母)to zero initial.Due to missionary activities or experiences in China,local dialects may have influence on some sinologists recognition.The phonological understanding of sinologists in the early 19th century and before is influenced by southern sounds.In the middle and late 19th century,the descriptions of Beijing speech by Wade and Giles reflects that ying initial(影母)and yi initial(疑母)have completed the conversion to zero initial.At that time,the Beijing sound may be affected by the surrounding dialects.Therefore,Wade’s system appeared in the form of zero initial and ng on the phonetic annotation.However,the annotation of Giles is more accurate.

关 键 词：西方汉学 汉语 舌根鼻音 

分 类 号：H012[语言文字—语言学]