北京地区银杏雌株花芽分化期间内源激素变化及其花芽分化发端时间的确定  

Changes of Endogenous Hormones during Female Floral Bud Differentiation of Ginkgo biloba L. in Beijing Region and Determination of the Initiation Time

作　　者：王建红 李广 车少臣 任桂芳 任斌斌 仇兰芬 仲丽 WANG Jian-hong;LI Guang;CHE Shao-chen(Institute of Landscape Plant Protection,Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102)

机构地区：[1]北京市园林科学研究院,园林植保研究所,北京100102

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第13期118-123,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z171100004417019);北京市公园管理中心课题(ZX2017024);北京市重点实验室“园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术”项目。

摘　　要：银杏是城市绿化的主要树种,也是重要的经济植物。银杏雌株大量结实造成的树势衰弱问题已严重制约了其在城市中的应用,银杏结实的大小年问题也严重影响到银杏果的产量和质量,调控银杏雌株的开花结实是解决上述问题的有效途径。应用ELISA法和HPLC法测定了银杏花芽期间内源激素变化规律,叶部喷施GA 3法确定了花芽分化发端时间。研究结果表明:在银杏雌株花芽分化期间,全芽中6-BA、IBA、GA 3、GA 4、GA 7、KT和ZT这7种内源激素的含量为4~75 ng/g,且均在6月2日出现最高或次高峰;在心芽中除IAA外,ZA、KT、6-BA、ABA、GA 3、GA 7和ZR这7种内源激素含量多在500 ng/g以上,GA 3含量于6月4日最高达4130 ng/g,ZA、ZR和ABA的含量在5月29日—6月4日呈现低谷;果枝心芽中6-BA、GA 3和GA 7的含量在5月29日—6月4日呈现高峰。内源激素在银杏雌株芽中的分布呈现从外围向中心浓度急剧增高的趋势。叶片喷施GA 3试验确定北京地区6月2—10日为银杏雌株的花芽分化发端时间。研究结果为调控银杏雌株的花芽分化提供了调控截止时间和调控药剂参考。Ginkgo biloba L.is the main tree for city green and the economically important plant.And the mast-fruiting regularly weaken its tree vigor which has seriously restricted its application in cities.The phenomenon of biennial bearing also seriously affects the yield and quality of ginkgo fruits,so it needs the regulation technology for ginkgo floral bud differentiation.The endogenous hormones contents during times of floral bud differentiation of ginkgo were measured with ELISA and HPLC.And the initiation times of floral bud differentiation of ginkgo were determined by spraying GA 3 on foliar.Results showed that the contents of endogenous hormones 6-BA,IBA,GA 3,GA 4,GA 7,KT and ZT were 4-75 ng/g in the whole bud(WB),and contents of all endogenous hormones appeared the peak or sub-peak on 2 June.The contents of endogenous hormones ZA,KT,6-BA,ABA,GA 3,GA 7 and ZR,were generally above 500 ng/g in the heart bud(HB),except IAA,and the maximum value was 4130 ng/g at GA 3 on 4 June.Contents of endogenous hormones ZA,ZR and ABA appeared the valleys from 29 May to 4 June in HB of fruit-bearing and leaf branch.Contents of endogenous hormones 6-BA,GA 3 and GA 7 appeared the peak from 29 May to June 4 in HB of fruit-bearing branch,but only GA 7 appeared the peak in HB of leaf branch.So the distribution of endogenous hormones contents showed a sharply increased trend from periphery to center in ginkgo female bud.The initiation differentiation times of floral bud of female ginkgo were from 2 June to 10 June determined by spraying GA 3 on foliar in Beijing District.The results provided reference for the deadline and agents of regulating the floral bud differentiation of female ginkgo.

关 键 词：ELISA HPLC 外源赤霉素 花芽分化调控 激素分布 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]