甘南高原乡村社会固有脆弱性及其影响因素  

Inherent Vulnerability of Rural Society in Gannan Plateau,China and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：李花[1] 赵雪雁[1] 王伟军[1] 李巍[1] Li Hua;Zhao Xueyan;Wang Weijun;Li Wei(College of Geography and Environment Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《地理科学》2020年第5期804-813,共10页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41661115,41971268);中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室开放基金项目(KLEIRB-2S-16-03)资助。

摘　　要：开展社会固有脆弱性研究不仅有助于了解区域社会系统的可持续发展状态,更有助于寻求提高社会系统适应能力的恰当策略。通过构建乡村社会固有脆弱性分析框架和评价指标体系,并以甘南高原为研究区,在分析乡村社会固有脆弱性特征的基础上识别了其关键影响因子。结果表明:①甘南高原乡村社会固有脆弱性呈"梭型"分异,其中,高、中、低脆弱性乡镇分别占18.95%、47.37%、33.68%。②社会固有脆弱性存在明显的区域差异性,从农区-半农半牧区-牧区、高山峡谷区-山地丘陵区-山原区,社会固有脆弱性趋于增加;同时,随着少数民族聚居度降低、经济发展水平升高,社会固有脆弱性趋于降低。③社会固有脆弱性在空间上呈"北高南低"的不均衡分布,敏感性呈"中间高四周低"的集聚分布,适应能力呈相对均衡的"碎片化"分布。④气温、生育结构、民族结构、住房安全性、社会弱势群体比重、经济条件、信息可得性和参保比例是影响社会固有脆弱性的关键因子。最后,提出相应的对策建议。The study of social inherent vulnerability(SIV) is not only helpful to understand the sustainable development states of regional social system, but also to seek appropriate countermeasures to improve the adaptability of social system. In view of this, this paper constructed an analytical framework of SIV and took Gannan Plateau, a tipical ecological fragile area which locdted in the farming-pastoral areas on the Tibet Plateau,as the study area. On the basis of comprehensively evaluating the inherent vulnerability of rural society and analyzing its spatial differentiation characteristics, this paper identified its key factors. The results showed that: 1)The inherent vulnerability of rural society in Gannan Plateau was‘shuttle-shaped’, in which high, moderate and low vulnerability villages accounted for 18.95%, 47.37% and 33.68% respectively. 2)There were obvious regional differences in the SIV. From the perspective of the farming areas-farming-pastoral areas-pastoral area and alpine canyon areas-mountain hilly areas-hilly plateau area, the SIV tended to increase;At the same time,the SIV tended to decrease as the degree of ethnic minority inhabitation decreased and the level of economic development rises. 3)The SIV was distributed unevenly in‘the north high and south low’, while the sensitivity was‘high in the middle and low around’, and the adaptability was relatively balanced‘fragmented’distribution. 4)Temperature, fertility structure, ethnic structure, housing security, social vulnerable group proportion,economic condition, information availability and the proportion of insurance participation were the key factors affecting the SIV. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for different key factors were put forward.

关 键 词：敏感性 适应能力 社会固有脆弱性 甘南高原 高寒生态脆弱区 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]