退化草原植被免耕补播修复理论与实践  

Theory and application of no-tillage reseeding in degraded grasslands

作　　者：张英俊[1] 周冀琼[1,2] 杨高文 荆晶莹 刘楠[1] Yingjun Zhang;Jiqiong Zhou;Gaowen Yang;Jingying Jing;Nan Liu(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;"College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Institut Jur Biologie,Freie Universitat Berlin,Berlin 14195,Germany)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [3]Institut fur Biologie,Freie Universitat Berlin,Berlin 14195,Germany

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第16期1546-1555,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31830092);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：退化草原植被修复是当前我国草原生态治理最紧迫的任务,免耕补播是退化草原植被修复关键技术,其意义是在不破坏或少破坏草原植被的条件下,通过补播适宜的优良草种,提高退化草原生产力和物种多样性.该技术与其他补播改良方式的不同之处在于免耕,难点也在于如何在不扰动或少扰动原生植被的前提下成功补播修复草原,其关键技术主要包括补播物种的选择、补播技术和补播后草原管理.本文针对上述技术难点,提出补播物种选择假说、免耕补播的空斑原则和补播后亚顶级群落管理模型,根据《天然草地退化、沙化、盐渍化的分级指标》国家标准,制定了针对不同退化程度草原的免耕补播技术方案;依据全国草原气候和土壤等条件,提出了全国草原实施免耕补播修复的规划,对我国草原生态文明建设具有重大意义.There are 400 million hectares of grasslands in China,accounting for about 40.7%of the Chinese territory,which provide fundamental ecological and economic benefits.However,more than 90%of this grassland ecosystem is threatened by degradation.This leads to the loss of biodiversity and a decrease in ecosystem functions,such as productivity,soil preservation and pest control.Currently,restoration of degraded grasslands is the most urgent task for grassland ecological management in China.No-tillage reseeding is one of the best practical technologies for grassland vegetation regeneration,because of the significant opportunity to improve productivity and plant diversity through establishing suitable species with minimum disturbance of the soil.Here we present a conceptual framework,which integrates plant-soil feedbacks,gap principles,and subclimax management models to guide our understanding of no-tillage reseeding.The key components of no-tillage reseeding in degraded grasslands consist of the selection of reseeding species,reseeding technology and reseeded grassland management.Native plants can affect the success of establishing species in revegetation due to competition for light,nutrients and water,and revegetation species with neutral or positive plant-soil feedbacks must be selected that can establish under these conditions.Our previous studies show that small light gaps can increase the performance of reseeded legumes,while larger light and soil gaps are needed for grass reseeding.Therefore,we predict that small gaps for legumes and large gaps for grasses will benefit these species respectively in no-tillage reseeding.According to the subclimax management model,suitable grassland management,for instance,mowing,grazing and fertilization,can maintain plant community composition,productivity and biodiversity,when the target species were successfully established.On the basis of this conceptual framework,no-tillage reseeding technology has been invented and applied in the semi-arid and semihumid degraded grassland,an

关 键 词：草原植被 修复 免耕补播 生产力 物种多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]